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Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications
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  1. This article represents the findings from the qualitative portion of a mixed methods study that investigated the impact of middle school students’ spatial skills on their plate tectonics learning while using a...

    Authors: Colleen M. Epler-Ruths, Scott McDonald, Amy Pallant and Hee-Sun Lee
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:61
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  2. Despite the considerable amount of research devoted to understanding fraud, few studies have examined how the physical environment can influence the likelihood of committing fraud. One recent study found a lin...

    Authors: Huanxu Liu, Jingwen Yang and Yuki Yamada
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:60
    Content type: Registered Reports and Replication Published on:

  3. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments around the world now recommend, or require, that their citizens cover the lower half of their face in public. Consequently, many people now wear surgical ...

    Authors: Daniel J. Carragher and Peter J. B. Hancock
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:59
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  4. The gun embodiment effect is the consequence caused by wielding a gun on judgments of whether others are also holding a gun. This effect could be responsible for real-world instances when police officers shoot...

    Authors: Jessica K. Witt, Jamie E. Parnes and Nathan L. Tenhundfeld
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:58
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  5. The “surprisingly popular” method (SP) of aggregating individual judgments has shown promise in overcoming a weakness of other crowdsourcing methods—situations in which the majority is incorrect. This method r...

    Authors: Abraham M. Rutchick, Bryan J. Ross, Dustin P. Calvillo and Catherine C. Mesick
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:57
    Content type: Brief report Published on:

  6. To better understand the spread of fake news in the Internet age, it is important to uncover the variables that influence the perceived truth of information. Although previous research identified several relia...

    Authors: Lena Nadarevic, Rolf Reber, Anne Josephine Helmecke and Dilara Köse
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:56
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  7. The illusory truth effect occurs when the repetition of a claim increases its perceived truth. Previous studies have demonstrated the illusory truth effect with true and false news headlines. The present study...

    Authors: Dustin P. Calvillo and Thomas J. Smelter
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:55
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  8. Finding better ways to implement effective teaching and learning strategies in higher education is urgently needed to help address student outcomes such as retention rates, graduation rates, and learning. Psyc...

    Authors: Raechel N. Soicher, Kathryn A. Becker-Blease and Keiko C. P. Bostwick
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:54
    Content type: Tutorial Review Published on:

  9. Reference frames ground spatial communication by mapping ambiguous language (for example, navigation: “to the left”) to properties of the speaker (using a Relative reference frame: “to my left”) or the world (...

    Authors: Steven M. Weisberg and Anjan Chatterjee
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:53
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  11. Exposure to environments that contain natural features can benefit mood, cognition, and physiological responses. Previous research proposed exposure to nature restores voluntary attention – attention that is d...

    Authors: Rachel J. Hopman, Sara B. LoTemplio, Emily E. Scott, Ty L. McKinney and David L. Strayer
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:51
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  12. The present study uses a quasi-experimental design to investigate the impact of team preferences on the accuracy of offside judgments. In Experiments 1 and 2, supporters of two German soccer clubs (i.e., Borus...

    Authors: Peter Wühr, Frowin Fasold and Daniel Memmert
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:50
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  13. Research on causal reasoning often uses group-level data analyses that downplay individual differences and simple reasoning problems that are unrepresentative of everyday reasoning. In three empirical studies,...

    Authors: Michael Shreeves, Leo Gugerty and DeWayne Moore
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:49
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  14. The wisdom of crowds and collective decision-making are important tools for integrating information between individuals, which can exceed the capacity of individual judgments. They are based on different forms...

    Authors: Daisuke Hamada, Masataka Nakayama and Jun Saiki
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:48
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  15. What is the role of emotion in susceptibility to believing fake news? Prior work on the psychology of misinformation has focused primarily on the extent to which reason and deliberation hinder versus help the ...

    Authors: Cameron Martel, Gordon Pennycook and David G. Rand
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:47
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  16. Traditionally, architectural practice has been dominated by the eye/sight. In recent decades, though, architects and designers have increasingly started to consider the other senses, namely sound, touch (inclu...

    Authors: Charles Spence
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:46
    Content type: Review article Published on:

  17. It has widely been accepted that aggregating group-level decisions is superior to individual decisions. As compared to individuals, groups tend to show a decision advantage in their response accuracy. However,...

    Authors: Cheng-Ju Hsieh, Mario Fifić and Cheng-Ta Yang
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:45
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  18. The effect of cognitive load on social attention was examined across three experiments in a live pedestrian passing scenario (Experiments 1 and 2) and with the same scenario presented as a video (Experiment 3)...

    Authors: Laura J. Bianchi, Alan Kingstone and Evan F. Risko
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:44
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  19. Prior research has revealed positive effects of spatial activity participation (e.g., playing with blocks, sports) on current and future spatial skills. However, research has not examined the degree to which s...

    Authors: Emily Grossnickle Peterson, Adam B. Weinberger, David H. Uttal, Bob Kolvoord and Adam E. Green
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:43
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  20. Navigating an unfamiliar city almost certainly brings out uncertainty about getting from place to place. This uncertainty, in turn, triggers information gathering. While navigational uncertainty is common, lit...

    Authors: Ashlynn M. Keller, Holly A. Taylor and Tad T. Brunyé
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:42
    Content type: Review article Published on:

  21. Misinformation often continues to influence inferential reasoning after clear and credible corrections are provided; this effect is known as the continued influence effect. It has been theorized that this effe...

    Authors: Ullrich K. H. Ecker, Stephan Lewandowsky and Matthew Chadwick
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:41
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  22. Central banks incorporate various security features in their banknotes to enable themselves, the general public, retailers and professional cash handlers to detect counterfeits. In two field experiments, we te...

    Authors: Frank van der Horst, Joshua Snell and Jan Theeuwes
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:40
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  24. In criminal investigations, uncooperative witnesses might deny knowing a perpetrator, the location of a murder scene or knowledge of a weapon. We sought to identify markers of recognition in eye fixations and ...

    Authors: Ailsa E. Millen, Lorraine Hope and Anne P. Hillstrom
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:38
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  25. Sensory substitution techniques are perceptual and cognitive phenomena used to represent one sensory form with an alternative. Current applications of sensory substitution techniques are typically focused on t...

    Authors: Tayfun Lloyd-Esenkaya, Vanessa Lloyd-Esenkaya, Eamonn O’Neill and Michael J. Proulx
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:37
    Content type: Review article Published on:

  26. Most everyday activities involve delayed intentions referring to different event structures and timelines. Yet, past research has mostly considered prospective memory (PM) as a dual-task phenomenon in which th...

    Authors: Veit Kubik, Fabio Del Missier and Timo Mäntylä
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:36
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  27. Debate regarding the best way to test and measure eyewitness memory has dominated the eyewitness literature for more than 30 years. We argue that resolution of this debate requires the development and applicat...

    Authors: Matthew Kaesler, John C. Dunn, Keith Ransom and Carolyn Semmler
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:35
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  28. Teachers sometimes believe in the efficacy of instructional practices that have little empirical support. These beliefs have proven difficult to efface despite strong challenges to their evidentiary basis. Tea...

    Authors: Kit S. Double, Julie Y. L. Chow, Evan J. Livesey and Therese N. Hopfenbeck
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:34
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  29. The reaction time-based Concealed Information Test (RT-CIT) is a memory paradigm used to detect crime-related knowledge. However, this would also imply that the RT-CIT would be vulnerable to factors that are k...

    Authors: Ann Hsu, Yu-Hui Lo, Shi-Chiang Ke, Lin Lin and Philip Tseng
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:33
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  30. When radiologists search for a specific target (e.g., lung cancer), they are also asked to report any other clinically significant “incidental findings” (e.g., pneumonia). These incidental findings are missed ...

    Authors: Makaela S. Nartker, Abla Alaoui-Soce and Jeremy M. Wolfe
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:32
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  31. Mental rotation ability is associated with successful advances in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education and occupations. Meta-analyses have shown consistent sex disparities in ment...

    Authors: Daniela Alvarez-Vargas, Carla Abad and Shannon M. Pruden
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:31
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  32. Experts in medical image perception are able to detect abnormalities rapidly from medical images. This ability is likely due to enhanced pattern recognition on a global scale. However, the bulk of research in ...

    Authors: A. J. Carrigan, P. Stoodley, F. Fernandez and M. W. Wiggins
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:30
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  33. Spatial thinking skills are strongly correlated with achievement in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields and emerging research suggests that interventions aimed at building students’...

    Authors: Kristin M. Gagnier and Kelly R. Fisher
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:29
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  35. Characteristics of both teachers and learners influence mathematical learning. For example, when teachers use hand gestures to support instruction, students learn more than others who learn the same concept wi...

    Authors: Mary Aldugom, Kimberly Fenn and Susan Wagner Cook
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:27
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  36. Effort as a concept, whether momentary, sustained, or as a function of different task conditions, is of critical importance to resource theories of attention, fatigue/boredom, workplace motivation, career sele...

    Authors: Phillip L. Ackerman, Corey E. Tatel and Sibley F. Lyndgaard
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:26
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  37. This study investigated the impact of handedness on a common spatial abilities task, the mental rotation task (MRT). The influence of a right-handed world was contrasted with people’s embodied experience with ...

    Authors: You Cheng, Mary Hegarty and Elizabeth R. Chrastil
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:25
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  39. When a fingerprint is located at a crime scene, a human examiner is counted upon to manually compare this print to those stored in a database. Several experiments have now shown that these professional analyst...

    Authors: Jason M. Tangen, Kirsty M. Kent and Rachel A. Searston
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:23
    Content type: Brief report Published on:

  40. Basic cognitive research can help to explain our response to wine, and the myriad factors that affect it. Wine is a complex, culture-laden, multisensory stimulus, and our perception/experience of its propertie...

    Authors: Charles Spence
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:22
    Content type: Review article Published on:

  41. The majority of eyewitness lineup studies are laboratory-based. How well the conclusions of these studies, including the relationship between confidence and accuracy, generalize to real-world police lineups is...

    Authors: Andrew L. Cohen, Jeffrey J. Starns, Caren M. Rotello and Andrea M. Cataldo
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:21
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  42. Spatial reasoning is a critical skill in many everyday tasks and in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines. The current study examined how training on mental rotation (a spatial reasonin...

    Authors: Katherine C. Moen, Melissa R. Beck, Stephanie M. Saltzmann, Tovah M. Cowan, Lauryn M. Burleigh, Leslie G. Butler, Jagannathan Ramanujam, Alex S. Cohen and Steven G. Greening
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:20
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  43. Spatial skills are an important component of success in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. A majority of what we know about spatial skills today is a result of more than 100 years of res...

    Authors: Kinnari Atit, David H. Uttal and Mike Stieff
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:19
    Content type: Review article Published on:

  44. Working memory capacity is known to predict the performance of novices and experts on a variety of tasks found in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). A common feature of STEM tasks is tha...

    Authors: Mike Stieff, Stephanie Werner, Dane DeSutter, Steve Franconeri and Mary Hegarty
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:18
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  45. Considering how spatial thinking connects to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) outcomes, recent studies have evaluated how spatial interventions impact elementary students’ math learning....

    Authors: Heather Burte, Aaron L. Gardony, Allyson Hutton and Holly A. Taylor
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:17
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  46. Social media is an increasingly popular outlet for leisure and social interaction. On many social media platforms, the user experience involves commenting on or responding to user-generated content, such as im...

    Authors: Jordan Zimmerman and Sarah Brown-Schmidt
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:16
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  47. In peer instruction, instructors pose a challenging question to students, students answer the question individually, students work with a partner in the class to discuss their answers, and finally students ans...

    Authors: Jonathan G. Tullis and Robert L. Goldstone
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:15
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  48. Investigating the relationship between the human body and its spatial environment is a critical component in understanding the process of acquiring spatial knowledge. However, few empirical evaluations have lo...

    Authors: Jiayan Zhao, Mark Simpson, Jan Oliver Wallgrün, Pejman Sajjadi and Alexander Klippel
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:14
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  49. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards inspectors are faced with the difficult task of learning the layout of complex nuclear facilities while being escorted through the facilities. This study ad...

    Authors: Mallory C. Stites, Laura E. Matzen and Zoe N. Gastelum
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:13
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  50. Anyone who has ever found themselves lost while driving in an unfamiliar neighborhood or forgotten where they parked their car can appreciate the importance of being able to navigate their environment. Navigat...

    Authors: Vanessa Vieites, Shannon M. Pruden and Bethany C. Reeb-Sutherland
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2020 5:12
    Content type: Original article Published on:
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