Articles

Assessing the visual and cognitive demands of in-vehicle information systems

New automobiles provide a variety of features that allow motorists to perform a plethora of secondary tasks unrelated to the primary task of driving. Despite their ubiquity, surprisingly little is known about ...

Authors: David L. Strayer, Joel M. Cooper, Rachel M. Goethe, Madeleine M. McCarty, Douglas J. Getty and Francesco Biondi

Beyond small-scale spatial skills: Navigation skills and geoscience education

Research examining the relation between spatial skills and the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields has focused on small-scale spatial skills, even though some STEM disciplines—partic...

Authors: Alina Nazareth, Nora S. Newcombe, Thomas F. Shipley, Mia Velazquez and Steven M. Weisberg

Interaction of oculomotor and manual behavior: evidence from simulated driving in an approach–avoidance steering task

While the coordination of oculomotor and manual behavior is essential for driving a car, surprisingly little is known about this interaction, especially in situations requiring a quick steering reaction. In th...

Authors: Norbert Schneider and Lynn Huestegge

Lineup fairness: propitious heterogeneity and the diagnostic feature-detection hypothesis

Researchers have argued that simultaneous lineups should follow the principle of propitious heterogeneity, based on the idea that if the fillers are too similar to the perpetrator even an eyewitness with a goo...

Authors: Curt A. Carlson, Alyssa R. Jones, Jane E. Whittington, Robert F. Lockamyeir, Maria A. Carlson and Alex R. Wooten

The effects of repeated lineups and delay on eyewitness identification

A significant problem in eyewitness identification occurs when witnesses view a suspect in one venue such as a mugshot and then later in a lineup where the suspect is the only previously viewed person. Prior r...

Authors: Wenbo Lin, Michael J. Strube and Henry L. Roediger III

The hazards of perception: evaluating a change blindness demonstration within a real-world driver education course

Overconfidence in one’s driving ability can lead to risky decision-making and may therefore increase the accident risk. When educating people about the risks of their driving behavior, it is all too easy for i...

Authors: Daniel O. A. Gunnell, Melina A. Kunar, Danielle G. Norman and Derrick G. Watson

The interrelationship between concepts about agency and students’ use of teachable-agent learning technology

To successfully interact with software agents, people must call upon basic concepts about goals and intentionality and strategically deploy these concepts in a range of circumstances where specific entailments...

Authors: Christopher Brett Jaeger, Alicia M. Hymel, Daniel T. Levin, Gautam Biswas, Natalie Paul and John Kinnebrew

The spatial allocation of attention in an interactive environment

Inattentional blindness methods allow for an unobtrusive measure of the spatial distribution of attention; because subjects do not expect the critical object, they have no reason to devote attention to task-ir...

Authors: Katherine Wood and Daniel J. Simons

Gaze behavior and cognitive states during fingerprint target group localization

The comparison of fingerprints by expert latent print examiners generally involves repeating a process in which the examiner selects a small area of distinctive features in one print (a target group), and sear...

Authors: R. Austin Hicklin, Bradford T. Ulery, Thomas A. Busey, Maria Antonia Roberts and JoAnn Buscaglia

It’s a match!? Appropriate item selection in the Concealed Information Test

While the Concealed Information Test (CIT) can determine whether examinees recognize critical details, it does not clarify the origin of the memory. Hence, when unknowledgeable suspects are contaminated with c...

Authors: Linda Marjoleine Geven, Gershon Ben-Shakhar, Merel Kindt and Bruno Verschuere

Detecting concealed familiarity using eye movements: the role of task demands

What can theories regarding memory-related gaze preference contribute to the field of deception detection? While abundant research has examined the ability to detect concealed information through physiological...

Authors: Tal Nahari, Oryah Lancry-Dayan, Gershon Ben-Shakhar and Yoni Pertzov

Strategy adoption depends on characteristics of the instruction, learner, and strategy

Why do people change their strategies for solving problems? In this research, we tested whether negative feedback and the context in which learners encounter a strategy influence their likelihood of adopting t...

Authors: Sarah A. Brown, David Menendez and Martha W. Alibali

Attentional profiles linked to event segmentation are robust to missing information

Everyday experience consists of rapidly unfolding sensory information that humans redescribe as discrete events. Quick and efficient redescription facilitates remembering, responding to, and learning from the ...

Authors: Jessica E. Kosie and Dare Baldwin

A review of eye tracking for understanding and improving diagnostic interpretation

Inspecting digital imaging for primary diagnosis introduces perceptual and cognitive demands for physicians tasked with interpreting visual medical information and arriving at appropriate diagnoses and treatme...

Authors: Tad T. Brunyé, Trafton Drew, Donald L. Weaver and Joann G. Elmore

Whispering sweet nothings: a review of verbal behaviors that undermine the effectiveness of government-mandated home-loan disclosures

Home loans are the largest financial transaction consumers typically enter and the consequences from entering overpriced or unaffordable home loans can devastate individuals and entire communities. This articl...

Authors: Jessica M. Choplin and Debra Pogrund Stark

How does navigation system behavior influence human behavior?

Navigation systems are ubiquitous tools to assist wayfinders of the mobile information society with various navigational tasks. Whenever such systems assist with self-localization and path planning, they reduc...

Authors: Annina Brügger, Kai-Florian Richter and Sara Irina Fabrikant

Memory and truth: correcting errors with true feedback versus overwriting correct answers with errors

In five experiments, we examined the conditions under which participants remembered true and false information given as feedback. Participants answered general information questions, expressed their confidence...

Authors: Janet Metcalfe and Teal S. Eich

Filling the gap despite full attention: the role of fast backward inferences for event completion

The comprehension of dynamic naturalistic events poses at least two challenges to the cognitive system: filtering relevant information with attention and dealing with information that was missing or missed. Wi...

Authors: Frank Papenmeier, Alisa Brockhoff and Markus Huff

The importance of decision bias for predicting eyewitness lineup choices: toward a Lineup Skills Test

We report on research on individual-difference measures that could be used to assess the validity of eyewitness identification decisions.

Authors: Mario J. Baldassari, Justin Kantner and D. Stephen Lindsay

Bridging the divide between causal illusions in the laboratory and the real world: the effects of outcome density with a variable continuous outcome

Illusory causation refers to a consistent error in human learning in which the learner develops a false belief that two unrelated events are causally associated. Laboratory studies usually demonstrate illusory...

Authors: Julie Y. L. Chow, Ben Colagiuri and Evan J. Livesey

Mind-wandering rates fluctuate across the day: evidence from an experience-sampling study

Previous research has demonstrated reliable fluctuations in attentional processes during the course of the day. Everyday life experience sampling, during which participants respond to “probes” delivered at ran...

Authors: Gabriel King Smith, Caitlin Mills, Alexandra Paxton and Kalina Christoff

Dynamic prediction during perception of everyday events

The ability to predict what is going to happen in the near future is integral for daily functioning. Previous research suggests that predictability varies over time, with increases in prediction error at those...

Authors: Michelle L. Eisenberg, Jeffrey M. Zacks and Shaney Flores

Forms of explanation and why they may matter

Explanations from neuroscience are threatening to replace those from psychology in the eyes and hands of journalists, university administrators, granting agencies, and research students. If replacement happens...

Authors: Jonathan Baron

Towards efficient human–machine collaboration: effects of gaze-driven feedback and engagement on performance

Referential success is crucial for collaborative task-solving in shared environments. In face-to-face interactions, humans, therefore, exploit speech, gesture, and gaze to identify a specific object. We invest...

Authors: Nikolina Mitev, Patrick Renner, Thies Pfeiffer and Maria Staudte

Are failures to look, to represent, or to learn associated with change blindness during screen-capture video learning?

Although phenomena such as change blindness and inattentional blindness are robust, it is not entirely clear how these failures of visual awareness are related to failures to attend to visual information, to r...

Authors: Daniel T. Levin, Adriane E. Seiffert, Sun-Joo Cho and Kelly E. Carter

The impact of an intervention program on students’ spatial reasoning: student engagement through mathematics-enhanced learning activities

Spatial reasoning skill has consistently been found to be malleable. However, there is little research to date on embedding spatial training within learning frameworks. This study evaluated the effects of a cl...

Authors: Tom Lowrie, Tracy Logan, Danielle Harris and Mary Hegarty

Statistical learning of anomalous regions in complex faux X-ray images does not transfer between detection and discrimination

The visual environment contains predictable information - “statistical regularities” - that can be used to aid perception and attentional allocation. Here we investigate the role of statistical learning in fac...

Authors: Li Z. Sha, Roger W. Remington and Yuhong V. Jiang

Audiovisual quality impacts assessments of job candidates in video interviews: Evidence for an AV quality bias

Video job interviews have become a common hiring practice, allowing employers to save money and recruit from a wider applicant pool. But differences in job candidates’ internet connections mean that some inter...

Authors: Joshua L. Fiechter, Caitlan Fealing, Rachel Gerrard and Nate Kornell

Schema-related cognitive load influences performance, speech, and physiology in a dual-task setting: A continuous multi-measure approach

Schema acquisition processes comprise an essential source of cognitive demands in learning situations. To shed light on related mechanisms and influencing factors, this study applied a continuous multi-measure...

Authors: Maria Wirzberger, Robert Herms, Shirin Esmaeili Bijarsari, Maximilian Eibl and Günter Daniel Rey

Does narrative drive dynamic attention to a prolonged stimulus?

Attention in the “real world” fluctuates over time, but these fluctuations are hard to examine using a timed trial-based experimental paradigm. Here we use film to study attention. To achieve short-term engage...

Authors: Stephen J. Hinde, Tim J. Smith and Iain D. Gilchrist

People’s explanatory preferences for scientific phenomena

Previous work has found that people are drawn to explanations of psychological phenomena when these explanations contain neuroscience information, even when that information is irrelevant. This preference may ...

Authors: Deena Skolnick Weisberg, Emily J. Hopkins and Jordan C. V. Taylor

In the lab and in the wild: How distraction and mind wandering affect attention and memory

The present study examined the impact that the environment has on the ability to remain attentive and retain information. Participants listened to an audiobook in either a controlled lab setting or in an uncon...

Authors: Trish L. Varao-Sousa, Daniel Smilek and Alan Kingstone

Neuroscientific explanations and the stigma of mental disorder: a meta-analytic study

Genetic and other biological explanations appear to have mixed blessings for the stigma of mental disorder. Meta-analytic evidence shows that these “biogenetic” explanations reduce the blame attached to suffer...

Authors: Amy Loughman and Nick Haslam

The relationship between confidence and accuracy with verbal and verbal + numeric confidence scales

Police departments often use verbal confidence measures (highly confident, somewhat confident) with a small number of values, whereas psychologists measuring the confidence–accuracy relationship typically use ...

Authors: Eylul Tekin, Wenbo Lin and Henry L. Roediger III

App icon similarity and its impact on visual search efficiency on mobile touch devices

Users of mobile touch devices are often confronted with a great number of apps, challenging an efficient access to single applications. Especially when looking for infrequently used apps, users have to perform...

Authors: Anna K. Trapp and Carolin Wienrich

The easy-to-hard training advantage with real-world medical images

Many medical professions require practitioners to perform visual categorizations in domains such as radiology, dermatology, and neurology. However, acquiring visual expertise is tedious and time-consuming and ...

Authors: Brett D. Roads, Buyun Xu, June K. Robinson and James W. Tanaka

Search templates that incorporate within-face variation improve visual search for faces

Searching for unfamiliar faces in crowds is an important task in modern society. In surveillance and security settings, it is sometimes critical to locate a target individual quickly and accurately. In this st...

Authors: James D. Dunn, Richard I. Kemp and David White

When to look at maps in navigation: metacognitive control in environment learning

People learn environments through direct experience with the environment and/or through map study. Further, the different perspectives taken while learning an environment influence the knowledge acquired. Afte...

Authors: Ruizhi Dai, Ayanna K. Thomas and Holly A. Taylor

How the stimulus influences mind wandering in semantically rich task contexts

What do we think about when we mind wander and where do these thoughts come from? We tested the idea that semantically rich stimuli yield patterns of mind wandering that are closely coupled with the stimuli co...

Authors: Myrthe Faber and Sidney K. D’Mello

Correction to: Decision making with visualizations: a cognitive framework across disciplines

The original article (Padilla et al., 2018) contained a formatting error in Table 2; this has now been corrected with the appropriate boxes marked clearly.

Authors: Lace M. Padilla, Sarah H. Creem-Regehr, Mary Hegarty and Jeanine K. Stefanucci

Postdictive confidence (but not predictive confidence) predicts eyewitness memory accuracy

If testing conditions are uncontaminated, confidence at test reliably predicts eyewitness memory accuracy. Unfortunately, information about eyewitness postdictive confidence (at the time of the identification ...

Authors: Thao B. Nguyen, Erica Abed and Kathy Pezdek

It is not good to talk: conversation has a fixed interference cost on attention regardless of difficulty

It is well-documented that telephone conversations lead to impaired driving performance. Kunar et al. (Psychon Bull Rev 15:1135–1140, 2008) showed that this deficit was, in part, due to a dual-task cost of con...

Authors: Melina A. Kunar, Louise Cole, Angeline Cox and Jessica Ocampo

Inversion effects in the expert classification of mammograms and faces

A hallmark of a perceptual expert is the ability to detect and categorize stimuli in their domain of expertise after brief exposure. For example, expert radiologists can differentiate between “abnormal” and “n...

Authors: Michael D. Chin, Karla K. Evans, Jeremy M. Wolfe, Jonathan Bowen and James W. Tanaka

Individual differences in eyewitness accuracy across multiple lineups of faces

Theories of face recognition in cognitive psychology stipulate that the hallmark of accurate identification is the ability to recognize a person consistently, across different encounters. In this study, we app...

Authors: Andrew J. Russ, Melanie Sauerland, Charlotte E. Lee and Markus Bindemann

Decision making with visualizations: a cognitive framework across disciplines

Visualizations—visual representations of information, depicted in graphics—are studied by researchers in numerous ways, ranging from the study of the basic principles of creating visualizations, to the cogniti...

Authors: Lace M. Padilla, Sarah H. Creem-Regehr, Mary Hegarty and Jeanine K. Stefanucci

The impact of speed and bias on the cognitive processes of experts and novices in medical image decision-making

Training individuals to make accurate decisions from medical images is a critical component of education in diagnostic pathology. We describe a joint experimental and computational modeling approach to examine...

Authors: Jennifer S. Trueblood, William R. Holmes, Adam C. Seegmiller, Jonathan Douds, Margaret Compton, Eszter Szentirmai, Megan Woodruff, Wenrui Huang, Charles Stratton and Quentin Eichbaum

Detecting morphed passport photos: a training and individual differences approach

Our reliance on face photos for identity verification is at odds with extensive research which shows that matching pairs of unfamiliar faces is highly prone to error. This process can therefore be exploited by...

Authors: David J. Robertson, Andrew Mungall, Derrick G. Watson, Kimberley A. Wade, Sophie J. Nightingale and Stephen Butler

Use-inspired basic research on individual differences in face identification: implications for criminal investigation and security

This journal is dedicated to “use-inspired basic research” where a problem in the world shapes the hypotheses for study in the laboratory. This review considers the role of individual variation in face identif...

Authors: Karen Lander, Vicki Bruce and Markus Bindemann

Individual differences in hyper-realistic mask detection

Hyper-realistic masks present a new challenge to security and crime prevention. We have recently shown that people’s ability to differentiate these masks from real faces is extremely limited. Here we consider ...

Authors: Jet G. Sanders and Rob Jenkins

Individual differences in face perception and person recognition

Authors: Vicki Bruce, Markus Bindemann and Karen Lander