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There is an increasing trend in association football (soccer) to assist referees in their decision-making with video technology. For decisions such as whether a goal has been scored or which player actually co...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:16
Heightened experience of disgust is a feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), particularly contamination-related OCD (C-OCD). Previous studies of the rubber hand illusion (RHI) reported that the sense ...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:15
Research in human vision suggests that in a single fixation, humans can extract a significant amount of information from a natural scene, e.g. the semantic category, spatial layout, and object identities. This...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:14
Intersections are critical decision points for wayfinders, but it is unknown how decision dynamics unfold during pedestrian wayfinding. Some research implies that pedestrians leverage available visual cues to ...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:13
Brain tumour detection and diagnosis requires clinicians to inspect and analyse brain magnetic resonance images. Eye-tracking is commonly used to examine observers’ gaze behaviour during such medical image int...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:12
Humans can extract considerable information from scenes, even when these are presented extremely quickly. The ability of an experienced radiologist to rapidly detect an abnormality on a mammogram may build upo...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:10
The current study investigated whether long-term experience in music or a second language is associated with enhanced cognitive functioning. Early studies suggested the possibility of a cognitive advantage fro...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:11
Placing one’s hands near an object has been reported to enhance visual processing in a number of ways. We explored whether hand proximity confers an advantage when applied to complex visual search. In one expe...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:7
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was introduced to the field of eyewitness identification 5 years ago. Since that time, it has been both influential and controversial, and the debate has raised...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:9
Fractal patterns are seemingly everywhere. They can be analyzed through Fourier and power analyses, and other methods. Cutting, DeLong, and Nothelfer (2010) analyzed as time-series data the fluctuations of sho...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:8
Research on learning and education is increasingly influenced by theories of embodied cognition. Several embodiment-based interventions have been empirically investigated, including gesturing, interactive digi...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:6
People interpret abstract meanings from colors, which makes color a useful perceptual feature for visual communication. This process is complicated, however, because there is seldom a one-to-one correspondence...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:5
Monitoring visual displays while performing other tasks is commonplace in many operational environments. Although dividing attention between tasks can impair monitoring accuracy and response times, it is uncle...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:4
We examined how visual sensitivity and perception are affected by adaptation to the characteristic amplitude spectra of X-ray mammography images. Because of the transmissive nature of X-ray photons, these imag...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:3
The science of learning has made a considerable contribution to our understanding of effective teaching and learning strategies. However, few instructors outside of the field are privy to this research. In thi...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:2
In this article, we begin to lay out a framework and approach for studying how students come to understand complex concepts in rich domains. Grounded in theories of embodied cognition, we advance the view that...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:1
Researchers use a wide range of confidence scales when measuring the relationship between confidence and accuracy in reports from memory, with the highest number usually representing the greatest confidence (e...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:49
Filler siphoning theory posits that the presence of fillers (known innocents) in a lineup protects an innocent suspect from being chosen by siphoning choices away from that innocent suspect. This mechanism has...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:48
Many real-world searches (e.g., radiology and baggage screening) have rare targets. When targets are rare, observers perform rapid, incomplete searches, leading to higher miss rates. To improve search for rare...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:47
Film is ubiquitous, but the processes that guide viewers’ attention while viewing film narratives are poorly understood. In fact, many film theorists and practitioners disagree on whether the film stimulus (bo...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:46
Research has consistently demonstrated that testing prior to the presentation of misleading post-event information, within the context of a standard eyewitness misinformation paradigm, results in an increase i...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:45
Searching for targets in the visual world, or visual search, is something we all do every day. We frequently make ‘false-negative’ errors, wherein we erroneously conclude a target was absent when one was, in f...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:44
We often identify people using face images. This is true in occupational settings such as passport control as well as in everyday social environments. Mapping between images and identities assumes that facial ...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:43
Answering questions before a learning episode—“prequestions”—can enhance memory for that information. A number of studies have explored this effect in the laboratory; however, few studies have examined preques...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:42
During mathematics instruction, teachers often make links between different representations of mathematical information, and they sometimes use gestures to refer to the representations that they link. In this ...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:41
Ensemble and summary displays are two widely used methods to represent visual-spatial uncertainty; however, there is disagreement about which is the most effective technique to communicate uncertainty to the g...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:40
This study investigates whether introducing simple cognitive interventions that are known to enhance learning in laboratory studies can be transferred to classroom settings. In an introductory psychology class...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:39
People often fail to notice unexpected objects and events when they are focusing attention on something else. Most studies of this “inattentional blindness” use unexpected objects that are irrelevant to the pr...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:37
Radiologists make many important decisions when detecting nodules on chest radiographs. While training can result in high levels of performance of this task, there could be individual differences in relevant p...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:36
Embodied learning approaches emphasize the use of action to support pedagogical goals. A specific version of embodied learning posits an action-to-abstraction transition supported by gesture, sketching, and an...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:38
In a real world search, it can be important to keep ‘an eye out’ for items of interest that are not the primary subject of the search. For instance, you might look for the exit sign on the freeway, but you sho...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:35
This paper describes a novel method for displaying data obtained by three-dimensional medical imaging, by which the position and orientation of a freely movable screen are optically tracked and used in real ti...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:34
Memories consolidate over time, with one consequence being that what we experience after learning can influence what we remember. In these experiments, women who engaged in 5 minutes of low-impact exercise immedi...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:33
The present study examined everyday attentional disengagements in educational contexts. Undergraduate students completed various cognitive ability measures in the laboratory and recorded everyday mind-wanderin...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:32
Theories of study time allocation and of curiosity suggest that people are most engaged with and want to devote their time to materials that are not completely mastered but also are not so difficult that they ...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:31
Advances in digital technology mean that the creation of visually compelling photographic fakes is growing at an incredible speed. The prevalence of manipulated photos in our everyday lives invites an importan...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:30
The everyday auditory environment is complex and dynamic; often, multiple sounds co-occur and compete for a listener’s cognitive resources. ‘Change deafness’, framed as the auditory analog to the well-document...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:29
In line with theories of embodied cognition, hands-on experience is typically assumed to support learning. In the current paper, we explored this issue within the science domain of sinking objects. Adults had ...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:28
Visual narratives sometimes depict successive images with different characters in the same physical space; corpus analysis has revealed that this occurs more often in Japanese manga than American comics. We us...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:27
Visual hallucinations are a common, distressing, and disabling symptom of Lewy body and other diseases. Current models suggest that interactions in internal cognitive processes generate hallucinations. However...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:26
Our perception of depth is substantially enhanced by the fact that we have binocular vision. This provides us with more precise and accurate estimates of depth and an improved qualitative appreciation of the t...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:25
A mixed design was created using text and game-like multimedia to instruct in the content of physics. The study assessed which variables predicted learning gains after a 1-h lesson on the electric field. The t...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:24
People draw automatic social inferences from photos of unfamiliar faces and these first impressions are associated with important real-world outcomes. Here we examine the effect of selecting online profile ima...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:23
Spatial thinking is a vital component of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics curriculum. However, to date, broad development of learning environments that target domain-specific spatial think...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:22
Understanding and reasoning about phenomena at scales outside human perception (for example, geologic time) is critical across science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Thus, devising strong methods t...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:21
We argue that people compare values in graphs with a visual routine – attending to data values in an ordered pattern over time. Do these visual routines exist to manage capacity limitations in how many values can...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:20
The visual system can be highly influenced by changes to visual presentation. Thus, numerous techniques have been developed to augment imagery in an attempt to improve human perception. The current paper exami...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:19
People’s impression of their own “sense-of-direction” (SOD) is related to their ability to effectively find their way through environments, such as neighborhoods and cities, but is also related to the speed an...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:18
Human behavior is frequently described both in abstract, general terms and in concrete, specific terms. We asked whether these two ways of framing equivalent behaviors shift the inferences people make about th...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:17
A number of real-world search tasks (i.e. police search, detection of improvised explosive devices (IEDs)) require searchers to search exhaustively across open ground. In the present study, we simulated this p...
Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:14
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