From: Humans versus AI: whether and why we prefer human-created compared to AI-created artwork
Beauty | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Fixed effects [95% CI] | |||
(Intercept) | 2.43 [2.20, 2.67] | 0.75 [0.56, 0.95] | 0.74 [0.55, 0.93] |
Label (Human = 1) | 0.23 [0.15, 0.31] | − 0.37 [− 0.57, − 0.18] | − 0.28 [− 0.43, − 0.13] |
Painting Type (Representational = 1) | 0.75 [0.46, 1.05] | 0.32 [0.11, 0.52] | 0.32 [0.11, 0.52] |
Openness | 0.01 [− 0.01, 0.03] | 0.02 [0.00, 0.03] | 0.01 [− 0.00, 0.02] |
Positive AI | 0.02 [0.01, 0.03] | 0.00 [− 0.01, 0.01] | – |
Negative AI | 0.01 [− 0.01, 0.03] | 0.01 [− 0.00, 0.03] | – |
Growth | 0.04 [− 0.01, 0.09] | − 0.01 [− 0.05, 0.02] | – |
Fixed | 0.05 [0.01, 0.08] | 0.01 [− 0.02, 0.04] | – |
Empathy | − 0.00 [− 0.02, 0.01] | − 0.01 [− 0.02, 0.00] | – |
CRT | − 0.04 [− 0.06, 0.04] | 0.03 [− 0.00, 0.07] | – |
Age | − 0.01 [− 0.02, 0.01] | − 0.01 [− 0.02, − 0.00] | − 0.01 [− 0.01, − 0.00] |
Emotion | – | 0.24 [0.19, 0.29] | 0.23 [0.19, 0.26] |
Story | – | 0.24 [0.20, 0.28] | 0.24 [0.20, 0.28] |
Meaningful | – | 0.21 [0.15, 0.26] | 0.23 [0.20, 0.27] |
Effort | – | 0.14 [0.10, 0.19] | 0.14 [0.10, 0.18] |
Time (log) | – | − 0.00 [− 0.02, 0.02] | – |
Label × Openness | − 0.01 [− 0.02, 0.01] | − 0.01 [− 0.02, 0.00] | − 0.01 [− 0.02, − 0.00] |
Label × Positive AI | − 0.01 [− 0.03, − 0.00] | − 0.00 [− 0.01, 0.00] | – |
Label × Negative AI | − 0.01 [− 0.02, 0.01] | − 0.00 [− 0.01, 0.01] | – |
Label × Growth | 0.02 [− 0.02, 0.05] | 0.00 [− 0.03, 0.03] | – |
Label × Fixed | − 0.01 [− 0.03, 0.02] | − 0.01 [− 0.03, 0.01] | – |
Label × Empathy | 0.00 [− 0.01, 0.01] | − 0.00 [− 0.01, 0.01] | – |
Label × CRT | − 0.03 [− 0.06, 0.01] | 0.00 [− 0.03, 0.03] | – |
Label × Age | − 0.00 [− 0.01, 0.01] | 0.00 [− 0.00, 0.01] | – |
Label × Emotion | – | − 0.02 [− 0.09, 0.04] | – |
Label × Story | – | − 0.19 [− 0.14, − 0.03] | − 0.08 [− 0.12, − 0.04] |
Label × Meaningful | – | 0.04 [− 0.02, 0.11] | – |
Label × Effort | – | 0.09 [0.03, 0.15] | 0.10 [0.05, 0.16] |
Label × Time (log) | – | 0.01 [− 0.01, 0.04] | – |
Random effects | |||
Participant (Intercept) | 0.44 | 0.21 | 0.24 |
Label (Slope) | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
Painting (Intercept) | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
Residual | 0.90 | 0.55 | 0.55 |
Model | |||
Marginal | 0.13 | 0.53 | 0.53 |
ICC | 0.40 | 0.33 | 0.34 |
Conditional | 0.48 | 0.69 | 0.69 |
AIC | 12,606.95 | 10,449.15 | 10,300.65 |