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Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications

Table 3 Mixed-effects model testing the effect of test time and headline type on accuracy ratings (Experiment 1)

From: Combatting rumors around the French election: the memorability and effectiveness of fact-checking articles

Fixed effects

Estimate

SE

df

t Value

p Value

Intercept

3.004

0.199

7.211

15.065

 < 0.001

Time [pretest = − 0.5, posttest = 0.5]

− 2.366

0.521

6.96

4.538

0.003

Headline [question = − 0.5, negation = 0.5]

0.028

0.320

171.082

0.087

0.931

Time*Headline

− 0.604

0.491

168.532

1.229

0.221

Random effects

Variance

SD

Participant (intercept)

1.860

1.364

Article (intercept)

0.114

0.338

Time

1.697

1.303

  1. Model was fit to 352 accuracy ratings from 176 participants across 8 articles. Bolded values indicate significant effects
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