Fig. 2

Encoded mapping conditions in Experiments 1–4 for the A congruent and B incongruent conditions. The example trials (left) correspond directly to Experiments 1 and 2. In Experiment 3 there were no concept labels on the legend, only numbers. In Experiment 4, the numeric units were hours rather than seconds. Within each condition, participants saw legends with four different encoded mappings, as shown in the legends on the right. With respect to the conceptual level, the legend conditions included 2 lightness encoded mappings (dark-more; D+ or light-more; L+) \(\times\) 2 height encoded mappings (high-more; Hi+ or low-more; Lo+). Encoded mappings at the numeric level match the conceptual level in the congruent conditions and are opposite of the conceptual level in the incongruent conditions