Typing expertise in a large student population

Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications

Table 4 Results of mixed-effect model on RT for the picture naming and word copying tasks

	Picture naming				word copying
	ß	SE	t	p	ß	SE	t	p
(Intercept)	− 0.895	0.0194	− 46.188	< 0.001***	− 1.325	0.0165	− 80.535	< 0.001***
Variables of interest
Performance group	− 0.11	0.0082	− 13.427	< 0.001***	− 0.23	0.0140	− 16.55	< 0.001***
Word frequency (log)	− 0.044	0.0141	− 3.104	0.0028**	− 0.024	0.00988	− 2.43	0.018*
Word frequency × performance group	− 0.0084	0.0017	− 4.898	< 0.001***	− 0.0036	0.00150	− 2.41	0.016*
Bigram Frequency (log)	0.011	0.0143	0.752	0.455	− 0.014	0.0102	− 1.39	0.170
Bigram frequency × performance group	0.0069	0.0018	3.922	< 0.001***	0.0071	0.00153	4.62	< 0.001***
Length	0.012	0.0139	0.89	0.377	0.0074	0.00985	0.749	0.457
Length × performance group	0.00078	0.0017	0.453	0.651	− 0.0039	0.00149	− 2.60	0.0095**
Control variables
Transition percentage	− 0.021	0.0136	− 1.538	0.129	0.0022	0.00976	0.221	0.826
Transition percentage × performance group	− 0.0057	0.0017	− 3.358	< 0.001***	− 0.00029	0.00147	− 0.197	0.844
Laterality (R-)	− 0.0067	0.0272	− 0.246	0.806	− 0.0038	0.0193	− 0.198	0.844
Laterality × performance group	− 0.000029	0.0033	− 0.009	0.993	0.0030	0.00292	1.04	0.298
Trial	0.012	0.0012	10.41	< 0.001***	− 0.0060	0.00104	− 5.78	< 0.001***
Trial × performance group	0.0037	0.0017	2.214	0.027*	0.00041	0.00144	0.282	0.778