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Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications

Table 5 Results from multilevel models with executive functioning (EF) factors and daydreaming stylesas predictors of mind wandering

From: The contribution of latent factors of executive functioning to mind wandering: an experience sampling study

 

SITUTs

TUTs

SITs

B (SE)

p

OR

95% CI

B (SE)

P

OR

95% CI

B (SE)

p

OR

95% CI

Null model (M1)

            

Intercept

 − 1.46 (0.06)

 < .01

0.23

[0.20, 0.26]

 − 0.86 (0.06)

 < .01

0.42

[0.37, 0.48]

 − 0.82 (0.06)

 < .01

0.44

[0.39, 0.50]

Main effects model (M2)

Intercept

 − 1.47 (0.06)

 < .01

0.23

[0.20, 0.26]

 − 0.86 (0.06)

 < .01

0.42

[0.37, 0.48]

 − 0.82 (0.06)

 < .01

0.44

[0.39, 0.50]

Shifting-specific

 − 0.02 (0.08)

.77

0.98

[0.83, 1.15]

0.01 (0.08)

.91

1.01

[0.86, 1.18]

 − 0.01 (0.08)

.90

0.99

[0.84, 1.17]

Updating-specific

0.10 (0.08)

.19

1.11

[0.95, 1.29]

0.11 (0.07)

.11

1.12

[0.98, 1.28]

0.06 (0.07)

.41

1.06

[0.93, 1.21]

Common EF

0.01 (0.07)

.89

1.01

[0.88, 1.16]

0.06 (0.08)

.43

1.06

[0.91, 1.24]

 − 0.10 (0.07)

.19

0.91

[0.79, 1.05]

Positive-constructive

0.19 (0.07)

 < .01

1.21

[1.06, 1.38]

0.17 (0.07)

.01

1.18

[1.04, 1.34]

0.16 (0.07)

.02

1.17

[1.02, 1.34]

Guilty-dysphoric

 − 0.02 (0.06)

.79

0.98

[0.87, 1.11]

0.06 (0.06)

.34

1.06

[0.94, 1.20]

 − 0.03 (0.07)

.69

0.97

[0.86, 1.11]

Confirmatory interaction model (M3)

Intercept

 − 1.46 (0.06)

 < .01

0.23

[0.20, 0.26]

 − 0.85 (0.06)

 < .01

0.43

[0.38, 0.48]

 − 0.81 (0.06)

 < .01

0.44

[0.39, 0.50]

Shifting-specific

 − 0.02 (0.08)

.80

0.98

[0.84, 1.15]

0.00 (0.08)

.95

1.00

[0.86, 1.17]

 − 0.02 (0.08)

.84

0.98

[0.83, 1.16]

Updating-specific

0.11 (0.08)

.16

1.12

[0.96, 1.31]

0.12 (0.07)

.09

1.13

[0.98, 1.30]

0.06 (0.07)

.35

1.07

[0.93, 1.22]

Common EF

0.01 (0.07)

.87

1.01

[0.88, 1.17]

0.07 (0.08)

.41

1.07

[0.91, 1.25]

 − 0.09 (0.07)

.21

0.91

[0.79, 1.06]

Positive-constructive

0.19 (0.07)

 < .01

1.21

[1.06, 1.39]

0.17 (0.06)

.01

1.18

[1.04, 1.34]

0.16 (0.07)

.02

1.17

[1.02, 1.33]

Guilty-dysphoric

 − 0.01 (0.06)

.85

0.99

[0.88, 1.12]

0.07 (0.06)

.27

1.07

[0.95, 1.21]

 − 0.02 (0.06)

.81

0.98

[0.87, 1.12]

Positive-constructive × Common EF

 − 0.08 (0.07)

.27

0.93

[0.81, 1.06]

 − 0.05 (0.07)

.50

0.95

[0.82, 1.10]

 − 0.03 (0.08)

.72

0.97

[0.82, 1.15]

Guilty-dysphoric × Updating-specific

0.07 (0.07)

.32

1.07

[0.94, 1.22]

0.11 (0.07)

.11

1.12

[0.97, 1.28]

0.10 (0.07)

.15

1.10

[0.97, 1.26]

Exploratory interaction model (M4)

Intercept

 − 1.49 (0.07)

 < .01

0.23

[0.20, 0.26]

 − 0.86 (0.07)

 < .01

0.42

[0.37, 0.48]

 − 0.82 (0.07)

 < .01

0.44

[0.39, 0.51]

Shifting-specific

0.06 (0.10)

.54

1.06

[0.87, 1.30]

0.06 (0.09)

.53

1.06

[0.88, 1.28]

0.01 (0.09)

.94

1.01

[0.85, 1.20]

Updating-specific

0.10 (0.07)

.17

1.11

[0.96, 1.28]

0.11 (0.07)

.12

1.12

[0.97, 1.28]

0.06 (0.07)

.37

1.06

[0.93, 1.22]

Common executive functioning

 − 0.01 (0.07)

.94

0.99

[0.86, 1.15]

0.05 (0.08)

.50

1.05

[0.90, 1.23]

 − 0.10 (0.07)

.16

0.90

[0.78, 1.04]

Positive-constructive

0.17 (0.07)

 < .01

1.19

[1.04, 1.35]

0.15 (0.07)

.02

1.16

[1.02, 1.32]

0.14 (0.07)

.04

1.16

[1.01, 1.32]

Guilty-dysphoric

 − 0.03 (0.06)

.60

0.97

[0.86, 1.09]

0.06 (0.06)

.38

1.06

[0.93, 1.20]

 − 0.02 (0.07)

.72

0.98

[0.86, 1.11]

Positive-constructive × Shifting-specific

0.08 (0.08)

.35

1.08

[0.92, 1.27]

0.07 (0.08)

.40

1.07

[0.91, 1.27]

0.07 (0.09)

.41

1.08

[0.90, 1.29]

Positive-constructive × Updating-specific

0.03 (0.09)

.74

1.03

[0.86, 1.24]

0.05 (0.08)

.57

1.05

[0.89, 1.23]

 − 0.02 (0.10)

.83

0.98

[0.81, 1.19]

Positive-constructive × Common EF

 − 0.09 (0.07)

.24

0.92

[0.80, 1.06]

 − 0.07 (0.09)

.44

0.93

[0.79, 1.11]

 − 0.03 (0.10)

.75

0.97

[0.80, 1.18]

Guilty-dysphoric × Shifting-specific

0.31 (0.09)

 < .01

1.37

[1.15, 1.63]

0.21 (0.09)

.02

1.24

[1.03, 1.48]

0.09 (0.09)

.31

1.10

[0.92, 1.32]

Guilty-dysphoric × Updating-specific

0.16 (0.07)

.02

1.17

[1.02, 1.34]

0.16 (0.07)

.02

1.18

[1.02, 1.36]

0.15 (0.07)

.04

1.16

[1.00, 1.34]

Guilty-dysphoric × Common EF

 − 0.16 (0.07)

.02

0.85

[0.74, 0.97]

 − 0.05 (0.08)

.57

0.95

[0.81, 1.12]

 − 0.06 (0.08)

.45

0.94

[0.79, 1.11]

Model comparisons

Δχ2

P

  

Δχ2

p

  

Δχ2

p

  

M2 vs. M1 (df = 5)

11.12

.05

  

12.69

.03

  

8.44

.13

  

M3 vs. M2 (df = 2)

2.32

.31

  

3.43

.18

  

2.36

.31

  

M4 vs. M2 (df = 6)

23.17

 < .01

  

13.30

.04

  

6.12

.41

  

M4 vs. M1 (df = 11)

34.29

 < .01

  

25.99

 < .01

  

14.56

.20

  
  1. Endorsed models in bold. Nindividuals = 187. Nmoments = 10,295. TUT, task-unrelated thought; SITUT, Stimulus-independent and task-unrelated thought; SIT, Stimulus-independent thought
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