Testing encoding specificity and the diagnostic feature-detection theory of eyewitness identification, with implications for showups, lineups, and partially disguised perpetrators

Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications

Table 5 Counts and proportions for each decision category of the identification procedures

Encoded	Tested	Identification	Target-present			Target-absent
Face	Face(s)	Procedure	Correct ID rate	Filler ID rate	Rejection rate	False ID rate	Filler ID rate	Rejection rate
Full	Full	Showup	.75 (929/1234)		.25 (305/1234)	.23 (275/1208)		.77 (933/1208)
		Lineup	.65 (793/1213)	.19 (236/1213)	.15 (184/1213)	.10 (123/1197)	.33 (392/1197)	.57 (682/1197)
	Internal	Showup	.47 (568/1203)		.53 (635/1203)	.18 (216/1209)		.82 (993/1209)
		Lineup	.44 (531/1218)	.25 (302/1218)	.32 (385/1218)	.13 (153/1213)	.40 (487/1213)	.47 (573/1213)
Internal	Full	Showup	.50 (615/1225)		.50 (610/1225)	.23 (284/1214)		.77 (930/1214)
		Lineup	.42 (511/1228)	.28 (344/1228)	.30 (373/1228)	.10 (121/1222)	.45 (550/1222)	.45 (551/1222)
	Internal	Showup	.60 (736/1219)		.40 (483/1219)	.22 (266/1209)		.78 (943/1209)
		Lineup	.46 (556/1201)	.30 (365/1201)	.23 (280/1201)	.12 (140/1201)	.42 (502/1201)	.47 (559/1201)

ID = Identification; Internal = internal region of the face only. Some proportions do not add up to 1.0 due to rounding error