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Table 3 Predictions derived from DFT as represented in Table 2

From: Testing encoding specificity and the diagnostic feature-detection theory of eyewitness identification, with implications for showups, lineups, and partially disguised perpetrators

 

Discriminability prediction

Theoretical basis

Figure

Main effects

1) Full target > internal target

Face processing literature

2

 

2) Match > mismatch

Encoding specificity

3

 

3) Lineups > showups

DFT

4

 

4) Full face(s) at retrieval > internal face(s) at retrieval

DFT

5

Simple effects

5) Full-full > full-internal

Encoding specificity

6

 

6) Internal-internal > internal-full

Encoding specificity

6

 

7) Internal-internal showup > internal-full showup

Encoding specificity

7

 

8) Full-full showup > full-internal showup

Encoding specificity

7

 

9) Full-full lineup > full-internal lineup

Encoding specificity

8

 

*10) Internal-internal lineup ≥ internal-full lineup

DFT

8

  1. DFT = Diagnostic feature-detection theory; *The ≥ symbol here represents the fact that we expect these two conditions to be either equivalent or with a small discriminability advantage for Internal-Internal. However, critically, we expect this difference (if significant), to be weaker than for the other match versus mismatch predictions. This expectation is due to an assumed DFT process of discounting of non-diagnostic information, which should occur for lineups and not for showups. According to DFT, discounting of non-diagnostic information in lineups boosts discriminability, which we expect to either bring Internal-Full Lineup up to the level of Internal-Internal Lineup, or at least closer than for showups