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Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications
Fig. 1 | Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications

Fig. 1

From: Strengthening spatial reasoning: elucidating the attentional and neural mechanisms associated with mental rotation skill development

Fig. 1

The current study used a multimethod, multisession training design (top panel). Participants were matched and assigned to the experimental group or active control training group. Participants were asked to make same/different judgments for three-dimensional cube arrangements (bottom left panel), three-dimensional chemical structures (bottom center panel), and random dot arrays (bottom right panel, control task). If presented with A and B, participants responded quickly and accurately because the angular disparity (40 degrees) is small (bottom left and center panels) or there is a large log difference (0.5) between the arrays (bottom right panel). When presented with A and C, participants responded more slowly and less accurately because of the larger angular disparity (120 degrees, bottom left and center panels) or because of the smaller log differences (0.2, bottom right panel). Object D in the bottom left and center panels represents a mirror image of object A (i.e., different object). Object D in the bottom right panel contains the same number of dots as object A (i.e., log difference of zero)

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