Table 1 Different analyzed types of emoji sequencing
From: The grammar of emoji? Constraints on communicative pictorial sequencing
| Emoji type | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| One-unit grammars | ||
| Formulaic expressions | Emoji serving conversational functions (yes, no, hmm) |
 = hello
|
| Responsive emotions | Emoji used for feelings or emotions |
 ,  ,  ,
|
| Affixation | Attachment of two emoji to create a larger single unit |
  = running person
|
| Whole image | Combination of emoji to create a single “picture” |
  = person running to a ferris wheel
|
| Linear grammars | ||
| Reduplication | Repetition of the same emoji |
|
| Semantic list | Emoji related by a semantic associative field |
      = “dress nice”
|
| Unrelated list | List of emoji with no intrinsic semantic relationships |
        = “I see myself graduated, animals, house, job”
|
| Temporal sequence | A linear sequence of events |
           = “In the morning see a cow, then chicken, then…”
|
| Categorical grammars | ||
| Three-unit (SOV, SVO, etc.) | Three-unit sequence of emoji playing “grammatical” roles |
   = “(I) hope soon to get a dog”
|
| Two-unit (SV, SO, OS, OV, VS, VO) | Two-unit sequence of emoji playing “grammatical” roles |
  = “(I) don’t want to get married”
|
| Simple phrase grammars | ||
| Embedded sequencing | Sequencing where one grouping was embedded in another grouping |
      = A couple in love [   ] goes to the ferris wheel [   ]
|
| Other classifications | ||
| Metonymy | An emoji with a related meaning to the actual message |
 ,  = work/job
|
| Rebus | Use of an emoji for its phonological correspondence unconnected to its visual meaning |
  = book a flight
|
