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Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications
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  1. On April 13, 2021, the CDC announced that the administration of Johnson and Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine would be paused due to a rare blood clotting side effect in ~ 0.0001% of people given the vaccine. Most pe...

    Authors: Madison Fansher, Tyler J. Adkins, Poortata Lalwani, Aysecan Boduroglu, Madison Carlson, Madelyn Quirk, Richard L. Lewis, Priti Shah, Han Zhang and John Jonides
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:38
    Content type: Brief report Published on:

  2. Current theories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) propose that memory abnormalities are central to the development and persistence of symptoms. While the most notable memory disturbances in PTSD involve...

    Authors: Barbara L. Pitts, Michelle L. Eisenberg, Heather R. Bailey and Jeffrey M. Zacks
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:35
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  3. Accumulating evidence suggests that individuals with greater executive resources spend less time mind wandering. Independent strands of research further suggest that this association depends on concentration a...

    Authors: David Marcusson-Clavertz, Stefan D. Persson, Etzel Cardeña, Devin B. Terhune, Cassandra Gort and Christine Kuehner
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:34
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  4. Previous research has shown that face masks impair the ability to perceive social information and the readability of emotions. These studies mostly explored the effect of standard medical, often white, masks o...

    Authors: Olesya Blazhenkova, Kivilcim Dogerlioglu-Demir and Robert W. Booth
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:33
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  5. We examined how mask use affects performance and eye movements in face recognition and whether strategy change reflected in eye movements is associated with performance change. Eighty-eight participants perfor...

    Authors: Janet Hui-wen Hsiao, Weiyan Liao and Ricky Van Yip Tso
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:32
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  6. One important aspect of cognitive control is the ability to stop a response in progress and motivational aspects, such as self-relevance, which may be able to influence this ability. We test the influence of s...

    Authors: Maximilian A. Friehs, Martin Dechant, Sarah Schäfer and Regan L. Mandryk
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:31
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  7. To slow the spread of COVID-19, many people now wear face masks in public. Face masks impair our ability to identify faces, which can cause problems for professional staff who identify offenders or members of ...

    Authors: Daniel J. Carragher, Alice Towler, Viktoria R. Mileva, David White and Peter J. B. Hancock
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:30
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  8. Previous research has mostly approached face recognition and target identification by focusing on face perception mechanisms, but memory mechanisms also appear to play a role. Here, we examined how the presenc...

    Authors: Teresa Garcia-Marques, Manuel Oliveira and Ludmila Nunes
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:29
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  9. Humans have deliberately scented their environment for purpose or pleasure for millennia. In the contemporary marketplace most consumers prefer and purchase scented versions of common household products. Howev...

    Authors: Rachel S. Herz, Maria Larsson, Rafael Trujillo, Marisa C. Casola, Farah K. Ahmed, Stacy Lipe and Morgan E. Brashear
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:28
    Content type: Review article Published on:

  10. Research has consistently shown that concealing facial features can hinder subsequent identification. The widespread adoption of face masks due to the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical and urgent ...

    Authors: Krista D. Manley, Jason C. K. Chan and Gary L. Wells
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:27
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  11. Considerable research has examined the prevalence and apparent consequences of task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) in both laboratory and authentic educational settings. Few studies, however, have explored methods ...

    Authors: Matthew S. Welhaf, Natalie E. Phillips, Bridget A. Smeekens, Akira Miyake and Michael J. Kane
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:26
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  12. Spatial skills are critical for student success in K-12 STEM education. Teachers’ spatial skills and feelings about completing spatial tasks influence students’ spatial and STEM learning at both the primary an...

    Authors: Kelsey Rocha, Catherine M. Lussier and Kinnari Atit
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:25
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  13. Face masks have become common protective measures in community and workplace environments to help reduce the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Face masks can mak...

    Authors: Brenda T. Poon and Lorienne M. Jenstad
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:24
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  14. Stable individual differences in cognitive motivation (i.e., the tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive activities) have been documented with self-report measures, yet convergent support for a tra...

    Authors: Jennifer L. Crawford, Sarah A. Eisenstein, Jonathan E. Peelle and Todd S. Braver
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:23
    Content type: Registered Reports and Replication Published on:

  15. We used a driving simulator to investigate landmark-based route navigation in young adults. Previous research has examined how proximal and distal landmarks influence route navigation, however, these effects h...

    Authors: Yasaman Jabbari, Darren M. Kenney, Martin von Mohrenschildt and Judith M. Shedden
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:22
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  16. Two aspects of real-world visual search are typically studied in parallel: category knowledge (e.g., searching for food) and visual patterns (e.g., predicting an upcoming street sign from prior street signs). ...

    Authors: Austin Moon, Jiaying Zhao, Megan A. K. Peters and Rachel Wu
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:21
    Content type: Brief report Published on:

  18. Visual working memory (VWM) is typically measured using arrays of two-dimensional isolated stimuli with simple visual identities (e.g., color or shape), and these studies typically find strong capacity limits....

    Authors: Chuanxiuyue He, Peri Gunalp, Hauke S. Meyerhoff, Zoe Rathbun, Mike Stieff, Steven L. Franconeri and Mary Hegarty
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:19
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  19. Some research indicates that face masks impair identification and other judgements such as trustworthiness. However, it is unclear whether those effects have abated over time as individuals adjust to widesprea...

    Authors: Rachel J. Bennetts, Poppy Johnson Humphrey, Paulina Zielinska and Sarah Bate
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:18
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  20. This study examined whether our ability to accurately estimate unfamiliar faces’ ages declines when they are wearing sunglasses or surgical-style face masks and whether these disguises make it harder to later ...

    Authors: Craig Thorley, Benjamin Acton, Jesse Armstrong, Shanade Ford and Margaret Gundry
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:17
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  22. The coronavirus pandemic has resulted in increased use of face masks worldwide. Here, we examined the effect of wearing a face mask on the ability to recognise facial expressions of emotion. In a within-subjec...

    Authors: Emily Grenville and Dominic M. Dwyer
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:15
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  23. In three experiments, we sought to understand when and why people use an algorithm decision aid. Distinct from recent approaches, we explicitly enumerate the algorithm’s accuracy while also providing summary f...

    Authors: Garston Liang, Jennifer F. Sloane, Christopher Donkin and Ben R. Newell
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:14
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  24. Face perception is considered a remarkable visual ability in humans that is subject to a prolonged developmental trajectory. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, mask-wearing has become mandatory for adults a...

    Authors: Andreja Stajduhar, Tzvi Ganel, Galia Avidan, R. Shayna Rosenbaum and Erez Freud
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:9
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  26. We report results from a driving simulator paradigm we developed to test the fine temporal effects of verbal tasks on simultaneous tracking performance. A total of 74 undergraduate students participated in two...

    Authors: Jonathan C. Rann and Amit Almor
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:12
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  27. Visuo-spatial reasoning tests, such as Raven's matrices, Cattell's culture-fair test, or various subtests of the Wechsler scales, are frequently used to estimate intelligence scores in the context of inter-rac...

    Authors: Corentin Gonthier
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:11
    Content type: Review article Published on:

  28. Using an online, medical image labeling app, 803 individuals rated images of skin lesions as either "melanoma" (skin cancer) or "nevus" (a skin mole). Each block consisted of 80 images. Blocks could have high ...

    Authors: Jeremy M. Wolfe
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:10
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  29. Much research has found that implicit associations between Black male faces and aggression affect dispositional judgments and decision-making, but there have been few investigations into downstream effects on ...

    Authors: William Blake Erickson, Arianna Wright and Moshe Naveh-Benjamin
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:8
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  30. Upon hearing someone’s speech, a listener can access information such as the speaker’s age, gender identity, socioeconomic status, and their linguistic background. However, an open question is whether living i...

    Authors: Ethan Kutlu, Mehrgol Tiv, Stefanie Wulff and Debra Titone
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:7
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  31. Facial attractiveness in humans signals an individual’s genetic condition, underlying physiology and health status, serving as a cue to one’s mate value. The practice of wearing face masks for prevention of tr...

    Authors: Farid Pazhoohi and Alan Kingstone
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:6
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  32. Spaced learning—the spacing effect—is a cognitive phenomenon whereby memory for to-be-learned material is better when a fixed amount of study time is spread across multiple learning sessions instead of crammed...

    Authors: Vanessa Foot-Seymour and Melody Wiseheart
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:5
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  33. When reasoning about science studies, people often make causal theory errors by inferring or accepting a causal claim based on correlational evidence. While humans naturally think in terms of causal relationships...

    Authors: Colleen M. Seifert, Michael Harrington, Audrey L. Michal and Priti Shah
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:4
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  34. The response time concealed information test (RT-CIT) can reveal that a person recognizes a relevant item (probe) among other, irrelevant items, based on slower responding to the probe compared to the irreleva...

    Authors: Till Lubczyk, Gáspár Lukács and Ulrich Ansorge
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:3
    Content type: Registered Reports and Replication Published on:

  36. The sanitary-mask effect (Miyazaki and Kawahara in Jpn Psychol Res 58(3):261–272, 2016) is the finding that medical face masks prompt an image of disease and thus result in lower ratings of facial attractivene...

    Authors: Oliver Hies and Michael B. Lewis
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:1
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  37. Given that being misinformed can have negative ramifications, finding optimal corrective techniques has become a key focus of research. In recent years, several divergent correction formats have been proposed ...

    Authors: Briony Swire-Thompson, John Cook, Lucy H. Butler, Jasmyne A. Sanderson, Stephan Lewandowsky and Ullrich K. H. Ecker
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2021 6:83
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  38. Systemic racism is a scientifically tractable phenomenon, urgent for cognitive scientists to address. This tutorial reviews the built-in systems that undermine life opportunities and outcomes by racial categor...

    Authors: Mahzarin R. Banaji, Susan T. Fiske and Douglas S. Massey
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2021 6:82
    Content type: Tutorial Review Published on:

  39. The role of implicit processes during police-civilian encounters is well studied from the perspective of the police. Decades of research on the “shooter bias” suggests that implicit Black-danger associations p...

    Authors: Vincenzo J. Olivett and David S. March
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2021 6:81
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  40. While driving, dangerous situations can occur quickly, and giving drivers extra time to respond may make the road safer for everyone. Extensive research on attentional cueing in cognitive psychology has shown ...

    Authors: Benjamin Wolfe, Anna Kosovicheva, Simon Stent and Ruth Rosenholtz
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2021 6:80
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  41. The spacing effect refers to the improvement in memory retention for materials learned in a series of sessions, as opposed to massing learning in a single session. It has been extensively studied in the domain...

    Authors: Joel J. Katz, Momo Ando and Melody Wiseheart
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2021 6:79
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  42. Memories acquired incidentally from exposure to food information in the environment may often become active to later affect food preferences. Because conscious use of these memories is not requested or require...

    Authors: Léo Dutriaux, Esther K. Papies, Jennifer Fallon, Leonel Garcia-Marques and Lawrence W. Barsalou
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2021 6:78
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  43. Human memory is malleable by both social and motivational factors and holds information relevant to workplace decisions. Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) describes a phenomenon where retrieval practice impai...

    Authors: Shaohang Liu, Christopher Kent and Josie Briscoe
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2021 6:77
    Content type: Original article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2022 7:43

  44. The term “continued influence effect” (CIE) refers to the phenomenon that discredited and obsolete information continues to affect behavior and beliefs. The practical relevance of this work is particularly app...

    Authors: Irene P. Kan, Kendra L. Pizzonia, Anna B. Drummey and Eli J. V. Mikkelsen
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2021 6:76
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  45. Facial masks have become and may remain ubiquitous. Though important for preventing infection, they may also serve as a reminder of the risks of disease. Thus, they may either act as cues for threat, priming a...

    Authors: Anand Krishna, Johannes Rodrigues, Vanessa Mitschke and Andreas B. Eder
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2021 6:75
    Content type: Brief report Published on:

  46. This study measured event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to test competing hypotheses regarding the effects of anger and race on early visual processing (N1, P2, and N2) and error recognition (ERN and Pe) dur...

    Authors: Adrian Rivera-Rodriguez, Maxwell Sherwood, Ahren B. Fitzroy, Lisa D. Sanders and Nilanjana Dasgupta
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2021 6:74
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  47. All banknotes have security features which are intended to help determine whether they are false or genuine. Typically, however, the general public has limited knowledge of where on a banknote these security f...

    Authors: Frank van der Horst, Joshua Snell and Jan Theeuwes
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2021 6:73
    Content type: Review article Published on:

  48. Expert radiologists can discern normal from abnormal mammograms with above-chance accuracy after brief (e.g. 500 ms) exposure. They can even predict cancer risk viewing currently normal images (priors) from wo...

    Authors: E. M. Raat, I. Farr, J. M. Wolfe and K. K. Evans
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2021 6:72
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  49. Two experiments assessed how racial ambiguity and racial salience moderates the cross-race effect (CRE). In experiment 1, White and Black participants studied and identified the race of Asian, Black, Latino, a...

    Authors: Benjamin Uel Marsh, Deborah Revenaugh, Taylor Weeks and Hyun Seo Lee
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2021 6:71
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  50. Past research has shown that when people are curious they are willing to wait to get an answer if the alternative is to not get the answer at all—a result that has been taken to mean that people valued the ans...

    Authors: Janet Metcalfe, Treva Kennedy-Pyers and Matti Vuorre
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2021 6:69
    Content type: Brief report Published on:
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