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Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications
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  1. Brain tumour detection and diagnosis requires clinicians to inspect and analyse brain magnetic resonance images. Eye-tracking is commonly used to examine observers’ gaze behaviour during such medical image int...

    Authors: Emily M. Crowe, Iain D. Gilchrist and Christopher Kent
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:12
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  2. Humans can extract considerable information from scenes, even when these are presented extremely quickly. The ability of an experienced radiologist to rapidly detect an abnormality on a mammogram may build upo...

    Authors: Ann J. Carrigan, Susan G. Wardle and Anina N. Rich
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:10
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  3. The current study investigated whether long-term experience in music or a second language is associated with enhanced cognitive functioning. Early studies suggested the possibility of a cognitive advantage fro...

    Authors: Annalise A. D’Souza, Linda Moradzadeh and Melody Wiseheart
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:11
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  4. Placing one’s hands near an object has been reported to enhance visual processing in a number of ways. We explored whether hand proximity confers an advantage when applied to complex visual search. In one expe...

    Authors: Ronald Andringa, Walter R. Boot, Nelson A. Roque and Sadhana Ponnaluri
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:7
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  5. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was introduced to the field of eyewitness identification 5 years ago. Since that time, it has been both influential and controversial, and the debate has raised...

    Authors: John T. Wixted and Laura Mickes
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:9
    Content type: Tutorial Review Published on:

  6. Fractal patterns are seemingly everywhere. They can be analyzed through Fourier and power analyses, and other methods. Cutting, DeLong, and Nothelfer (2010) analyzed as time-series data the fluctuations of sho...

    Authors: James E. Cutting, Jordan E. DeLong and Kaitlin L. Brunick
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:8
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  7. Research on learning and education is increasingly influenced by theories of embodied cognition. Several embodiment-based interventions have been empirically investigated, including gesturing, interactive digi...

    Authors: Alexander Skulmowski and Günter Daniel Rey
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:6
    Content type: Review article Published on:

  8. People interpret abstract meanings from colors, which makes color a useful perceptual feature for visual communication. This process is complicated, however, because there is seldom a one-to-one correspondence...

    Authors: Karen B. Schloss, Laurent Lessard, Charlotte S. Walmsley and Kathleen Foley
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:5
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  9. Monitoring visual displays while performing other tasks is commonplace in many operational environments. Although dividing attention between tasks can impair monitoring accuracy and response times, it is uncle...

    Authors: Stephanie A. Morey, Nicole A. Thomas and Jason S. McCarley
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:4
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  10. We examined how visual sensitivity and perception are affected by adaptation to the characteristic amplitude spectra of X-ray mammography images. Because of the transmissive nature of X-ray photons, these imag...

    Authors: Elysse Kompaniez-Dunigan, Craig K. Abbey, John M. Boone and Michael A. Webster
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:3
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  11. The science of learning has made a considerable contribution to our understanding of effective teaching and learning strategies. However, few instructors outside of the field are privy to this research. In thi...

    Authors: Yana Weinstein, Christopher R. Madan and Megan A. Sumeracki
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:2
    Content type: Tutorial Review Published on:

  12. In this article, we begin to lay out a framework and approach for studying how students come to understand complex concepts in rich domains. Grounded in theories of embodied cognition, we advance the view that...

    Authors: Ji Y. Son, Priscilla Ramos, Melissa DeWolf, William Loftus and James W. Stigler
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2018 3:1
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  13. Researchers use a wide range of confidence scales when measuring the relationship between confidence and accuracy in reports from memory, with the highest number usually representing the greatest confidence (e...

    Authors: Eylul Tekin and Henry L. Roediger III
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:49
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  14. Filler siphoning theory posits that the presence of fillers (known innocents) in a lineup protects an innocent suspect from being chosen by siphoning choices away from that innocent suspect. This mechanism has...

    Authors: Stacy A. Wetmore, Ryan M. McAdoo, Scott D. Gronlund and Jeffrey S. Neuschatz
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:48
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  15. Many real-world searches (e.g., radiology and baggage screening) have rare targets. When targets are rare, observers perform rapid, incomplete searches, leading to higher miss rates. To improve search for rare...

    Authors: Chad Peltier and Mark W. Becker
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:47
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  16. Film is ubiquitous, but the processes that guide viewers’ attention while viewing film narratives are poorly understood. In fact, many film theorists and practitioners disagree on whether the film stimulus (bo...

    Authors: John P. Hutson, Tim J. Smith, Joseph P. Magliano and Lester C. Loschky
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:46
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  17. Research has consistently demonstrated that testing prior to the presentation of misleading post-event information, within the context of a standard eyewitness misinformation paradigm, results in an increase i...

    Authors: Ayanna K. Thomas, Leamarie T. Gordon, Paul M. Cernasov and John B. Bulevich
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:45
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  18. Searching for targets in the visual world, or visual search, is something we all do every day. We frequently make ‘false-negative’ errors, wherein we erroneously conclude a target was absent when one was, in f...

    Authors: Trafton Drew and Lauren H. Williams
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:44
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  19. We often identify people using face images. This is true in occupational settings such as passport control as well as in everyday social environments. Mapping between images and identities assumes that facial ...

    Authors: Jet Gabrielle Sanders, Yoshiyuki Ueda, Kazusa Minemoto, Eilidh Noyes, Sakiko Yoshikawa and Rob Jenkins
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:43
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  20. Answering questions before a learning episode—“prequestions”—can enhance memory for that information. A number of studies have explored this effect in the laboratory; however, few studies have examined preques...

    Authors: Jason Geller, Shana K. Carpenter, Monica H. Lamm, Shuhebur Rahman, Patrick I. Armstrong and Clark R. Coffman
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:42
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  21. During mathematics instruction, teachers often make links between different representations of mathematical information, and they sometimes use gestures to refer to the representations that they link. In this ...

    Authors: Amelia Yeo, Iasmine Ledesma, Mitchell J. Nathan, Martha W. Alibali and R. Breckinridge Church
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:41
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  22. Ensemble and summary displays are two widely used methods to represent visual-spatial uncertainty; however, there is disagreement about which is the most effective technique to communicate uncertainty to the g...

    Authors: Lace M. Padilla, Ian T. Ruginski and Sarah H. Creem-Regehr
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:40
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  23. This study investigates whether introducing simple cognitive interventions that are known to enhance learning in laboratory studies can be transferred to classroom settings. In an introductory psychology class...

    Authors: Beat Meier
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:39
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  24. People often fail to notice unexpected objects and events when they are focusing attention on something else. Most studies of this “inattentional blindness” use unexpected objects that are irrelevant to the pr...

    Authors: Daniel J. Simons and Michael D. Schlosser
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:37
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  25. Radiologists make many important decisions when detecting nodules on chest radiographs. While training can result in high levels of performance of this task, there could be individual differences in relevant p...

    Authors: Mackenzie A. Sunday, Edwin Donnelly and Isabel Gauthier
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:36
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  27. In a real world search, it can be important to keep ‘an eye out’ for items of interest that are not the primary subject of the search. For instance, you might look for the exit sign on the freeway, but you sho...

    Authors: Jeremy M. Wolfe, Abla Alaoui Soce and Hayden M. Schill
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:35
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  28. This paper describes a novel method for displaying data obtained by three-dimensional medical imaging, by which the position and orientation of a freely movable screen are optically tracked and used in real ti...

    Authors: Gaurav Shukla, Roberta L. Klatzky, Bing Wu, Bo Wang, John Galeotti, Brian Chapmann and George Stetten
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:34
    Content type: Brief report Published on:

  29. Memories consolidate over time, with one consequence being that what we experience after learning can influence what we remember. In these experiments, women who engaged in 5 minutes of low-impact exercise immedi...

    Authors: Steven B. Most, Briana L. Kennedy and Edgar A. Petras
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:33
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  30. The present study examined everyday attentional disengagements in educational contexts. Undergraduate students completed various cognitive ability measures in the laboratory and recorded everyday mind-wanderin...

    Authors: Nash Unsworth and Brittany D. McMillan
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:32
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  31. Theories of study time allocation and of curiosity suggest that people are most engaged with and want to devote their time to materials that are not completely mastered but also are not so difficult that they ...

    Authors: Janet Metcalfe, Bennett L. Schwartz and Paul A. Bloom
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:31
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  32. Advances in digital technology mean that the creation of visually compelling photographic fakes is growing at an incredible speed. The prevalence of manipulated photos in our everyday lives invites an importan...

    Authors: Sophie J. Nightingale, Kimberley A. Wade and Derrick G. Watson
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:30
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  33. The everyday auditory environment is complex and dynamic; often, multiple sounds co-occur and compete for a listener’s cognitive resources. ‘Change deafness’, framed as the auditory analog to the well-document...

    Authors: Jeremy Gaston, Kelly Dickerson, Daniel Hipp and Peter Gerhardstein
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:29
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  34. In line with theories of embodied cognition, hands-on experience is typically assumed to support learning. In the current paper, we explored this issue within the science domain of sinking objects. Adults had ...

    Authors: Ramón D. Castillo, Talia Waltzer and Heidi Kloos
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:28
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  35. Visual narratives sometimes depict successive images with different characters in the same physical space; corpus analysis has revealed that this occurs more often in Japanese manga than American comics. We us...

    Authors: Neil Cohn and Marta Kutas
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:27
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  36. Visual hallucinations are a common, distressing, and disabling symptom of Lewy body and other diseases. Current models suggest that interactions in internal cognitive processes generate hallucinations. However...

    Authors: Alan Robert Bowman, Vicki Bruce, Christopher J. Colbourn and Daniel Collerton
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:26
    Content type: Brief report Published on:

  37. Our perception of depth is substantially enhanced by the fact that we have binocular vision. This provides us with more precise and accurate estimates of depth and an improved qualitative appreciation of the t...

    Authors: Paul B. Hibbard, Alice E. Haines and Rebecca L. Hornsey
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:25
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  38. A mixed design was created using text and game-like multimedia to instruct in the content of physics. The study assessed which variables predicted learning gains after a 1-h lesson on the electric field. The t...

    Authors: Mina C. Johnson-Glenberg and Colleen Megowan-Romanowicz
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:24
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  39. People draw automatic social inferences from photos of unfamiliar faces and these first impressions are associated with important real-world outcomes. Here we examine the effect of selecting online profile ima...

    Authors: David White, Clare A. M. Sutherland and Amy L. Burton
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:23
    Content type: Original article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2021 6:55

  40. Spatial thinking is a vital component of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics curriculum. However, to date, broad development of learning environments that target domain-specific spatial think...

    Authors: D. DeSutter and M. Stieff
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:22
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  41. Understanding and reasoning about phenomena at scales outside human perception (for example, geologic time) is critical across science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Thus, devising strong methods t...

    Authors: Ilyse Resnick, Alexandra Davatzes, Nora S. Newcombe and Thomas F. Shipley
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:21
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  42. We argue that people compare values in graphs with a visual routine – attending to data values in an ordered pattern over time. Do these visual routines exist to manage capacity limitations in how many values can...

    Authors: Audrey L. Michal and Steven L. Franconeri
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:20
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  43. The visual system can be highly influenced by changes to visual presentation. Thus, numerous techniques have been developed to augment imagery in an attempt to improve human perception. The current paper exami...

    Authors: Jennifer L. Bittner, M. Trent Schill, Fairul Mohd-Zaid and Leslie M. Blaha
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:19
    Content type: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Published on:

  44. People’s impression of their own “sense-of-direction” (SOD) is related to their ability to effectively find their way through environments, such as neighborhoods and cities, but is also related to the speed an...

    Authors: Heather Burte and Daniel R. Montello
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:18
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  45. Human behavior is frequently described both in abstract, general terms and in concrete, specific terms. We asked whether these two ways of framing equivalent behaviors shift the inferences people make about th...

    Authors: Nancy S. Kim, Samuel G. B. Johnson, Woo-kyoung Ahn and Joshua Knobe
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:17
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  46. Holistic processing is often characterized as a process by which objects are perceived as a whole rather than a compilation of individual features. This mechanism may play an important role in the development ...

    Authors: Macgregor D. Vogelsang, Thomas J. Palmeri and Thomas A. Busey
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:15
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  47. A number of real-world search tasks (i.e. police search, detection of improvised explosive devices (IEDs)) require searchers to search exhaustively across open ground. In the present study, we simulated this p...

    Authors: Charlotte A. Riggs, Katherine Cornes, Hayward J. Godwin, Simon P. Liversedge, Richard Guest and Nick Donnelly
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:14
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  48. Spatial thinking skills positively relate to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) outcomes, but spatial training is largely absent in elementary school. Elementary school is a time when children d...

    Authors: Heather Burte, Aaron L. Gardony, Allyson Hutton and Holly A. Taylor
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:13
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  49. Observational studies have shown that interruptions are a frequent occurrence in diagnostic radiology. The present study used an experimental design in order to quantify the cost of these interruptions during ...

    Authors: Lauren H. Williams and Trafton Drew
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:12
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  50. Gender induction has been claimed to be virtually impossible unless nouns provide reliable semantic or phonological gender-relevant cues. However, learners might exploit syntactic cues, such as definite articl...

    Authors: Johanna Bebout and Eva Belke
    Citation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 2017 2:11
    Content type: Original article Published on:
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