Table 1 Learning outcomes in terms of proportion of correct responses from each question type for Experiment 1, Experiment 2a, and Experiment 2b
Experiment | Question type | Open-ended | Forced-choice | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M (SD) | Range | M (SD) | Range | ||
1 | Fact recall | 0.49 (0.23) | 0.00–0.85 | 0.83 (0.12) | 0.50–1.00 |
Inferential reasoning | 0.31 (0.18) | 0.00–0.64 | 0.60 (0.17) | 0.21–0.99 | |
|  | Memory integration | 0.28 (0.18) | 0.00–0.64 | 0.58 (0.19) | 0.09–0.90 |
2a | Fact recall | 0.53 (0.23) | 0.00–0.93 | 0.79 (0.16) | 0.29–1.00 |
Inferential reasoning | 0.35 (0.18) | 0.00–0.71 | 0.63 (0.15) | 0.21–0.89 | |
|  | Memory integration | 0.32 (0.17) | 0.00–0.60 | 0.60 (0.17) | 0.18–0.90 |
|  | Fact recall | 0.52 (0.19) | 0.07–0.92 | 0.79 (0.15) | 0.43–1.00 |
2b | Inferential reasoning | 0.42 (0.20) | 0.00–0.79 | 0.62 (0.19) | 0.21–0.93 |
|  | Memory integration | 0.33 (0.20) | 0.00–0.80 | 0.63 (0.17) | 0.27–0.91 |