Fig. 3

Overview of significant effects for the three measures of experienced difficulty communicating with people who wear masks: Level by onset of deafness interaction in general as well as professional and informal social situations (a), main effect of lipreading fluency in the general difficulty measure (b) and country of residence by level of deafness and Knowledge of SL interactions for the informal social settings (c). Effects that were significant in the simple slopes analysis are coded as follows, *** = p < .001, ** = p > .01, * = p < .05, and +  = p < .10