Table 1 Choice percentages (with SDs) per mask condition, displayed and chosen emotion category, in Experiment 1

No mask

 Fear

65.29

(25.16)

0.00

(0.00)

0.82

(2.79)

0.55

(2.08)

0.37

(2.12)

24.63***

(19.76)

5.22

(9.91)

3.11

(8.49)

4.96

 Happiness

0.00

(0.00)

99.45

(2.08)

0.09

(0.87)

0.00

(0.00)

0.00

(0.00)

0.09

(0.87)

0.09

(0.87)

0.28

(1.50)

0.08

 Sadness

0.37

(1.72)

0.18

(1.23)

92.58

(9.33)

1.28

(4.11)

2.56***

(4.06)

0.00

(0.00)

1.37

(3.57)

1.65

(5.30)

1.06

 Anger

1.19

(3.42)

0.00

(0.00)

5.77**

(8.85)

76.92

(19.25)

0.73

(2.95)

0.73

(3.20)

6.78**

(9.93)

7.88***

(12.69)

3.30

 Neutral

0.00

(0.00)

1.47*

(3.19)

2.47**

(5.89)

0.64

(3.10)

94.51

(9.06)

0.09

(0.87)

0.09

(0.87)

0.73

(2.95)

0.78

 Surprise

4.03***

(7.59)

0.00

(0.00)

0.09

(0.87)

0.09

(0.87)

0.37

(1.72)

93.77

(8.48)

0.64

(2.56)

1.01

(3.00)

0.89

 Disgust

0.18

(1.23)

0.00

(0.00)

0.00

(0.00)

5.50***

(9.15)

0.09

(0.87)

0.55

(2.42)

92.58

(11.28)

1.10

(3.77)

1.06

With mask

 Fear

38.37

(26.03)

0.09

(0.87)

2.47

(4.40)

0.37

(1.72)

0.28

(1.50)

56.69***

(25.10)

1.10

(3.10)

0.64

(2.56)

8.80

Happiness

0.00

(0.00)

92.31

(9.72)

0.09

(0.87)

0.09

(0.87)

6.14***

(8.13)

0.55

(2.08)

0.09

(0.87)

0.73

(3.20)

1.10

 Sadness

4.76

(7.36)

0.00

(0.00)

70.79

(21.46)

4.76

(5.85)

10.35***

(13.40)

1.28

(3.50)

4.21

(6.96)

3.85

(9.49)

4.17

 Anger

2.01

(4.54)

0.00

(0.00)

5.13*

(7.33)

75.09

(17.89)

1.10

(3.33)

0.55

(2.42)

13.19***

(12.18)

2.93

(9.65)

3.56

 Neutral

0.09

(0.87)

1.28

(3.02)

3.39***

(6.08)

1.47

(6.16)

92.86

(10.14)

0.18

(1.23)

0.09

(0.87)

0.64

(2.23)

1.02

 Surprise

8.06***

(9.74)

0.46

(1.91)

2.20

(4.27)

0.09

(0.87)

6.59**

(10.43)

79.49

(15.53)

0.64

(2.23)

2.47

(7.81)

2.93

 Disgust

0.09

(0.87)

2.29

(4.98)

1.47

(3.85)

49.73***

(21.24)

8.24

(6.27)

0.55

(2.42)

35.35

(19.97)

2.29

(6.58)

9.24