Typing expertise in a large student population

Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications

Table 3 Results of mixed-effect model on IKI for the picture naming and word copying tasks

	Picture naming				Word copying
	ß	SE	t	p	ß	SE	t	p
(Intercept)	4.98	0.012	426.45	< 0.001***	4.97	0.012	422.76	< 0.001***
Variables of interest
Performance group	− 0.29	0.013	− 22.82	< 0.001***	− 0.29	0.013	− 22.72	< 0.001***
Transition type	0.17	0.0028	58.83	< 0.001	0.16	0.0027	61.03	< 0.001***
Transition type × performance group	0.098	0.0035	27.82	< 0.001***	0.100	0.0033	29.91	< 0.001***
Bigram frequency (log)	− 0.056	0.0015	− 38.54	< 0.001	− 0.054	0.0014	− 39.15	< 0.001***
Bigram frequency × performance group	0.0065	0.0018	3.60	< 0.001***	0.0083	0.0017	4.88	< 0.001***
Length	0.029	0.0073	3.94	< 0.001***	0.031	0.0075	4.14	< 0.001***
Length × performance group	− 0.016	0.002	− 8.44	< 0.001***	− 0.016	0.0018	− 8.75	< 0.001***
Control variables
Position	− 0.044	0.0014	− 31.72	< 0.001***	− 0.043	0.0013	− 33.17	< 0.001***
Position × performance group	− 0.0069	0.0019	− 3.60	< 0.001***	− 0.0053	0.0018	− 2.94	0.0033**
Word frequency (log)	− 0.037	0.0075	− 4.91	< 0.001***	− 0.038	0.0076	− 4.93	< 0.001***
Word Frequency × performance group	− 0.0015	0.0018	− 0.81	0.418	0.0013	0.0017	0.79	0.431
Trial	0.0041	0.0013	3.26	0.0011**	0.0070	0.0012	5.84	< 0.001***
Trial × performance group	− 0.0018	0.0018	− 0.99	0.322	− 0.00070	0.0017	− 0.42	0.672