Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications

Table 6 Mechanism of change—formant measures for human speakers

From: Speaking with a KN95 face mask: a within-subjects study on speaker adaptation and strategies to improve intelligibility

	F1 range (Hz)		F2 range (Hz)
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Mask only	177.24	83.78	490.10	262.61
No mask	179.73	88.62	350.73	162.61
Clear + Mask	199.22	119.40	735.30	346.12
Loud + Mask	137.19	79.96	371.03	224.35
Slow + Mask	161.61	109.90	598.28	274.15
Female	204.23	90.58	566.30	305.32
Male	77.95	48.42	348.90	194.01

Descriptive statistics mean and standard deviation (SD) for F1 range and F2 range

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