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Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications
Fig. 4 | Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications

Fig. 4

From: Speaking with a KN95 face mask: a within-subjects study on speaker adaptation and strategies to improve intelligibility

Fig. 4

Effect sizes of formant measures relative to mask only. Note: Standardized beta coefficients for F1 range (blue) and F2 range (red) for each condition relative to the Mask Only condition. Negative effect size indicates lower values relative to the Mask Only condition; positive effect size indicates higher values relative to the Mask Only condition. Error bars indicate 95% confidence interval. Large effect: |Beta|≥ 0.95; medium effect: |Beta|≥ 0.55; small effect: |Beta|≥ 0.25

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