Skip to main content
Fig. 1 | Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications

Fig. 1

From: Wakeful resting and listening to music contrast their effects on verbal long-term memory in dependence on word concreteness

Fig. 1

A Mean number of words correctly recalled (out of 15 per word list) as a function of the post-encoding activity (wakeful resting [grey] vs. listening to music [yellow]) and time of recall (immediate vs. after 1 day). B Mean retention scores in percent as a function of post-encoding activity (wakeful resting [grey] vs. listening to music [yellow]). Retention scores were calculated by dividing the number of correctly recalled words in Session 2 by the number of correctly recalled words in Session 1 and multiplying the quotient by 100. C Mean emotional arousal ratings as a function of the post-encoding activity (wakeful resting [grey] vs. listening to music [yellow]) and time of measurement (before learning the word list [pre] vs. after the post-encoding activity [post]). D Percentage emotional arousal change scores as a function of post-encoding activity (wakeful resting [grey] vs. listening to music [yellow]). Percentage emotional arousal change scores were calculated by dividing participant’s emotional arousal rating before encoding a word list divided by the emotional arousal rating after the respective post-encoding activity (wakeful resting vs. listening to music) multiplied by 100. Dashed helpline: 100% indicates no change in the mean pre- to post emotional arousal ratings. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean

Back to article page