Table 1 Effect size for each pairwise comparison between conditions partitioned by question type in Experiments 1 and 2

Experiment 1

Relational versus definitional

d = 0.232

d = − 0.312*

d = 0.008

d = − 0.167

d = − 0.063

Experiment 2

Relational versus definitional

d = 0.664*

d =  −0.186

d = 0.428*

d = − 0.026

d = 0.367*

Relational versus mixed

d = 0.610*

d = 0.110

d = 0.474*

d = 0.184

d = 0.350*

Definitional versus mixed

d = − 0.027

d = 0.305

d = 0.004

d = 0.201

d = − 0.001

Relational versus control

d = 0.672*

d = 0.212

d = 0.549*

d = 0.433*

d = 0.153

Definitional versus control

d = 0.030

d = 0.412*

d = 0.088

d = 0.437*

d = − 0.213

Mixed versus control

d = 0.056

d = 0.106

d = 0.098

d = 0.233

d = − 0.202