“He was the one with the gun!” Associative memory for white and black faces seen with weapons

Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications

Table 1 Mean hit rates (H), false alarm rates (F), and memory discriminability (H–F) for each age group across each test stimulus type

Outcome	Faces		Objects			Associations
Outcome	Black	White	Kit	Weap	Unc	B/Kit	B/Weap	B/Unc	W/Kit	W/Weap	W/Unc
YA-FA
Hits	.73 (.17)	.73 (.17)	.83 (.15)	.84 (.13)	.85 (.17)	.72 (.24)	.79 (.22)	.87 (.17)	.76 (.21)	.73 (.21)	.85 (.16)
False Alarms	.19 (.16)	.12 (.11)	.07 (.10)	.17 (.16)	.02 (.04)	.33 (.20)	.30 (.22)	.33 (.23)	.32 (.25)	.29 (.24)	.25 (.19)
H–F	.54 (.24)	.61 (.21)	.75 (.18)	.67 (.20)	.83 (.17)	.39 (.34)	.49 (.32)	.54 (.32)	.44 (.31)	.44 (.34)	.61 (.29)
YA-DA
Hits	.63 (.18)	.59 (.16)	.68 (.19)	.72 (.16)	.68 (.20)	.64 (.22)	.67 (.29)	.72 (.17)	.55 (.25)	.64 (.25)	.67 (.22)
False Alarms	.42 (.22)	.32 (.19)	.26 (.22)	.32 (.20)	.07 (.11)	.52 (.26)	.43 (.22)	.44 (.24)	.45 (.18)	.45 (.22)	.55 (.20)
H–F	.21 (.21)	.27 (.23)	.42 (.20)	.40 (.23)	.61 (.23)	.13 (.27)	.24 (.32)	.29 (.28)	.10 (.30)	18 (.31)	.12 (.27)
Older
Hits	.84 (.12)	.84 (.15)	.88 (.12)	.89 (.10)	.93 (.08)	.75 (.18)	.76 (.16)	.86 (.14)	.72 (.20)	.73 (.22)	.83 (.15)
False Alarms	.31 (.21)	.15 (.13)	.08 (.10)	.28 (.17)	.03 (.06)	.37 (.23)	.33 (.26)	.39 (.27)	.40 (.26)	.31 (.25)	.34 (.24)
H–F	.52 (.24)	.68 (.19)	.79 (.14)	.61 (.19)	.89 (.11)	.38 (.28)	.43 (.26)	.47 (.26)	.31 (.29)	.43 (.29)	.48 (.27)

Standard deviations are presented in parentheses
YA, Young Adult; FA, Full Attention; DA, Divided Attention; Kit, Kitchenware; Weap, Weapon; Unc, Uncategorical