Specificity and incremental predictive validity of implicit attitudes: studies of a race-based phenotype

Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications

Table 4 Means and standard deviations for all variables from Studies 1–4 (White American participants)

	Study 1A		Study 1B		Study 2		Study 3		Study 4
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Black hair attitude IAT	0.30	0.43	–	–	0.32	0.48	0.38	0.52	0.32	0.47
White/Black race IAT	0.39	0.37	–	–	–	–	0.40	0.50	0.34	0.44
Non-Black hair attitude IAT	–	–	0.18	0.58	–	–	–	–	–	–
Self trait judgments	–	–	–	–	4.04	0.62	3.94	0.64	− 7.88	14.75
Societal trait judgments	–	–	–	–	4.99	0.81	5.01	0.87	14.81	15.17
Legal judgments	–	–	–	–	2.60	1.45	2.43	1.43	− 30.00	22.53

Implicit Association Tests (IATs), self trait judgments, and legal judgments were scored such that higher scores indicate higher levels of race bias against Afrocentric hair texture and/or African American targets. Societal trait judgments were scored such that higher scores indicate higher levels of awareness of societal bias. The theoretical range of IAT scores was [− 2; 2], whereas the theoretical range of the explicit judgments was [1; 7] in Studies 1–3 and [− 50; 50] in Study 4