What’s in a face? The role of facial features in ratings of dominance, threat, and stereotypicality

Kleider-Offutt, Heather; Meacham, Ashley M.; Branum-Martin, Lee; Capodanno, Megan

doi:10.1186/s41235-021-00319-9

Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications

Table 2 Parameter estimates for level 1 of the two-level model

From: What’s in a face? The role of facial features in ratings of dominance, threat, and stereotypicality

Relation/variable	Estimate	pSD	p	Lower	Upper	Std
FACE STIMULI regressions
Dominance
No reflectance	0.13	0.04	< .01	0.05	0.21	0.04
High reflectance	0.11	0.04	0.01	0.01	0.18	0.04
Thin nose	− 0.15	0.09	0.05	− 0.32	0.03	− 0.05
Wide nose	0.49	0.08	< .01	0.33	0.64	0.17
Thin lips	0.13	0.09	0.06	− 0.05	0.29	0.05
Full lips	0.01	0.08	0.45	− 0.15	0.17	0.01
Thin nose × thin lips	− 0.13	0.13	0.16	− 0.37	0.13	− 0.03
Thin nose × full lips	0.02	0.12	0.45	− 0.21	0.27	0.01
Thin nose × no reflectance	− 0.20	0.11	0.02	− 0.43	0.00	− 0.03
Thin nose × high reflectance	− 0.17	0.11	0.06	− 0.38	0.04	− 0.02
Wide nose × thin lips	− 0.16	0.13	0.11	− 0.41	0.09	− 0.04
Wide nose × full lips	− 0.03	0.13	0.44	− 0.24	0.27	− 0.01
Wide nose × no reflectance	0.00	0.11	0.49	− 0.27	0.21	0.00
Wide nose × high reflectance	− 0.13	0.11	0.18	− 0.33	0.10	− 0.02
Thin lips × no reflectance	0.02	0.11	0.44	− 0.17	0.23	0.00
Thin lips × high reflectance	− 0.03	0.10	0.38	− 0.23	0.19	0.00
Full lips × no reflectance	− 0.14	0.10	0.07	− 0.31	0.06	− 0.02
Full lips × high reflectance	− 0.03	0.11	0.36	− 0.24	0.17	− 0.01
Black stereotypicality
No reflectance	− 0.58	0.06	< .01	− 0.69	− 0.47	− 0.15
High reflectance	0.89	0.05	< .01	0.78	1.00	0.23
Thin nose	− 0.47	0.12	< .01	− 0.72	− 0.28	− 0.12
Wide nose	1.17	0.11	< .01	0.95	1.36	0.31
Thin lips	− 0.39	0.11	< .01	− 0.59	− 0.16	− 0.10
Full lips	0.59	0.10	< .01	0.38	0.78	0.16
Thin nose × thin lips	0.04	0.16	0.38	− 0.24	0.36	0.01
Thin nose × full lips	− 0.38	0.16	0.01	− 0.66	− 0.03	− 0.07
Thin nose × no reflectance	− 0.15	0.14	0.18	− 0.40	0.12	− 0.02
Thin nose × high reflectance	− 0.06	0.14	0.31	− 0.34	0.22	− 0.01
Wide nose × thin lips	− 0.23	0.15	0.08	− 0.56	0.06	− 0.04
Wide nose × full lips	− 0.35	0.15	0.02	− 0.62	− 0.01	− 0.06
Wide nose × no reflectance	− 0.17	0.12	0.09	− 0.39	0.07	− 0.02
Wide nose × high reflectance	− 0.39	0.12	< .01	− 0.61	− 0.12	− 0.04
Thin lips × no reflectance	− 0.03	0.13	0.35	− 0.34	0.19	0.00
Thin lips × high reflectance	− 0.04	0.13	0.40	− 0.33	0.20	0.00
Full lips × no reflectance	− 0.21	0.13	0.05	− 0.47	0.05	− 0.02
Full lips × high reflectance	− 0.03	0.14	0.41	− 0.30	0.22	0.00
Threat
No reflectance	0.30	0.04	< .01	0.23	.11	0.11
High reflectance	− 0.08	0.04	0.02	− 0.15	− .03	− 0.03
Thin nose	0.04	0.08	0.34	− 0.12	.01	0.01
Wide nose	0.22	0.07	< .01	0.08	.08	0.08
Thin lips	0.34	0.08	< .01	0.20	.13	0.13
Full lips	− 0.16	0.08	0.02	− 0.31	− .06	− 0.06
Thin nose × thin lips	− 0.10	0.13	0.23	− 0.33	− .02	− 0.02
Thin nose × full lips	0.05	0.12	0.34	− 0.17	.01	0.01
Thin nose × no reflectance	0.03	0.11	0.40	− 0.18	.00	0.00
Thin nose × high reflectance	− 0.09	0.11	0.22	− 0.33	− .01	− 0.01
Wide nose × thin lips	− 0.04	0.11	0.35	− 0.26	− .01	− 0.01
Wide nose × full lips	0.15	0.11	0.08	− 0.07	.04	0.04
Wide nose × no reflectance	0.19	0.10	0.02	0.01	.03	0.03
Wide nose × high reflectance	0.02	0.10	0.41	− 0.19	.00	0.00
Thin lips × no reflectance	0.04	0.11	0.39	− 0.20	.00	0.01
Thin lips × high reflectance	− 0.05	0.11	0.34	− 0.26	− .01	− 0.01
Full lips × no reflectance	0.12	0.11	0.12	− 0.09	.02	0.02
Full lips × high reflectance	0.08	0.09	0.20	− 0.09	.01	0.01
FACE STIMULI residual variance
Dominance	1.72	0.03	< .01	1.66	1.77	0.96
Black stereotypicality	2.37	0.04	< .01	2.30	2.44	0.73
Threat	1.59	0.02	< .01	1.54	1.64	0.95
FACE STIMULI covariance
Dominance with
Black stereotypicality	0.25	0.02	< .01	0.22	0.30	0.13
Threat	0.38	0.02	< .01	0.34	0.42	0.23
Black stereotypicality with
Threat	0.00	0.02	0.50	− 0.04	0.04	0.00

pSD = posterior standard deviation. p = p value. Lower, upper = bounds of 95% credible interval. Std = fully standardized value. Model fit DIC = 95,821 (90 free parameters). For reference, the cross-classified DIC = 95,810 (96 free parameters)

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