Item | Claim | Inference question 1 | Inference question 2 | Inference question 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Myth A | Gastritis and stomach ulcers are caused by excessive stress | Patients with stomach ulcers should avoid any type of stress | How effective do you think relaxation techniques are in preventing gastritis? | How likely is it that you would advise a friend or family member with stomach pains to reduce stress so they do not develop a stomach ulcer? |
Myth B | Women talk more than men | At any given time, a woman is more likely to be speaking compared to a man | In general, jobs that require a lot of talking are a more natural fit for women | If you met a new male–female couple, how likely is it that the woman would talk more than the man? |
Myth C | Cracking your knuckles leads to arthritis | People with a family history of arthritis should avoid cracking their knuckles | Children should be taught not to crack their knuckles in order to reduce the risk of arthritis in later life | How likely is it that you would advise a friend or family member with joint pains in their hands to avoid knuckle-cracking? |
Myth D | Delayed-onset muscle soreness is caused by buildup of lactic acid | After strenuous exercise, a warm-down routine is essential because it breaks-down the lactic acid that contributes to delayed-onset muscle soreness | How effective do you think supplements that help break down lactic acid are in preventing exercise-induced muscle soreness? | How likely is it that you would advise a friend or family member with exercise-induced muscle soreness to avoid exercise activities that create lactic acid? |
Fact A | Stomach acid can dissolve razor blades | Teaching teenagers that our stomach acid can dissolve razor blades would be an accurate and entertaining way to inform them about chemistry | How effective do you think stomach acid is at dissolving razor blades? | How likely is it that a razor blade would be totally intact after 48 h in stomach acid? |
Fact B | It is not safe to talk on landline telephones when there is a thunderstorm | People should be discouraged from talking on landlines during thunderstorms to reduce their risk of being electrocuted | Even when inside, people should opt to use mobile phones instead of landlines during a thunderstorm | How likely is it that you would advise a friend or family member not to talk on a landline during a thunderstorm? |
Fact C | Dogs can smell cancer | Sniffer dogs are a reliable and effective way to detect some cancers | Sniffer dogs trained to detect cancer should be utilized more in hospitals | To what extent would you trust the response of sniffer dog over a traditional screening test of lung cancer? |
Fact D | We are taller in the morning than in the evening | If you are half an inch too short to go on a rollercoaster in the evening, how likely is it that you would be allowed to ride the following morning? | If you want to seem taller, you should measure yourself first thing in the morning | When doctors measure their patients, they should take into account the time of day |