Skip to main content

Table 3 Cognitive, visual, subjective, and temporal demand as a function of modality

From: Assessing the visual and cognitive demands of in-vehicle information systems

Modality

Mean

Lower

Upper

Cognitive demand of modality

 Center stack

1.20

1.17

1.23

 Auditory vocal

1.10

1.07

1.12

 Center console

1.42

1.36

1.48

Visual demand of modality

 Center stack

1.49

1.46

1.52

 Auditory vocal

0.77

0.75

0.80

 Center console

1.22

1.16

1.29

Subjective demand of modality

 Center stack

1.00

0.97

1.02

 Auditory vocal

0.63

0.61

0.66

 Center console

0.94

0.89

1.00

Temporal demand of modality

 Center stack

0.86

0.84

0.84

0.88

 Auditory vocal

1.24

1.22

1.22

1.27

 Center console

1.06

1.03

1.03

1.09