Interference scores have inadequate concurrent and convergent validity: Should we stop using the flanker, Simon, and spatial Stroop tasks?

Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications

Table 8 Bivariate correlation matrix for set of 11 predictors and four outcome variables

Variable	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
1. Raven’s	+.19^b	−.13	−.07	+.14^a	+.22^b	+.08	−.12	−.10	+.07	−.16^a	−.26^b	−.27^b	−.31^b	−.11
2. Sex		+.10	−.13	+.17^a	+.47	+.14^a	+.15^a	+.11	+.29^a	−.17^a	−.15^a	−.26^b	−.21^b	−.05
3. Age			+.06	−.10	+.01	+.07	+.01	+.04	−.14	−.15^a	+.14^a	+.07	+.02	−.00
4. Immigrant				+.02	−.05	+.02	−.08	−.01	−.11	+.39^b	+.08	+.15^a	+.12	−.05
5. SES					+.12	+.11	+.11	+.03	+.12	−.23^b	−.14^a	−.08	−.07	+.00
6. Video games						+.00	+.09	+.11	+.20^a	−.16^a	−.14	−.14^a	−.18^b	−.09
7. Music							+.15^a	+.05	+.02	−.16^a	−.26^b	−.06	−.09	+.05
8. Exercise								+.38^b	+.32	−.08	−.04	+.01	+.10	+.08
9. Meditation									+.28^a	−.01	−.18^a	+.11	−.01	−.02
10. Team sports										−.08	−.21^b	−.13	−.14^a	−.16^a
11. L2/L1 ratio											+.11	+.09	+.11	−.04
12. Simon												+.36^b	+.26^b	+.08
13. Spatial Stroop													+.42^b	+.10
14. Vertical Stroop														+.17^a
15. Flanker