Interference scores have inadequate concurrent and convergent validity: Should we stop using the flanker, Simon, and spatial Stroop tasks?

Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications

Table 4 Correlations and standardized regression coefficients (Beta) for 11 predictors of a composite interference score based on the standardized RT interference scores for the Simon, spatial Stroop, and vertical Stroop tasks

Variable	Zero-Order	Partial	Beta	t	p
1. Raven’s scores	−.377^a	−.345	−.338	−5.11	.000
2. Sex assigned at birth	−.272^a	−.222	−.209	−3.16	.002
3. Team sports ability	−.192^a	−.117	−.111	−1.63	.105
4. Frequency of physical exercise	+.102	+.112	+.103	+ 1.56	.121
5. Frequency of meditation or mindfulness	+.049	+.075	+.069	+ 1.05	.296
6. Immigrant status	+.116	+.069	+.063	+ 0.96	.337
7. Frequency of playing video games	−.207^a	−.048	−.050	−.671	.503
8. Age	+.048	+.021	+.019	+ 0.29	.769
9. L2/L1 Ratio	+.092	+.017	+.015	+ 0.23	.816
10. Years musical training	−.041	+.009	+.008	+ 0.13	.900
11. SES	−.087	+.007	+.007	+ 0.10	.922