Reliance on emotion promotes belief in fake news

Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications

Table 3 Description of participants, methods, and measures for each experiment

	Experiment 1	Experiment 2	Experiment 3	Experiment 4
Participants	472 from Amazon Mechanical Turk (M_age = 35.12, 243 female)	1108 from Amazon Mechanical Turk (M_age = 35.19, 618 female)	1129 from Amazon Mechanical Turk (M_age = 34.40, 645 female)	1175 from Lucid^a (M_age = 45.46, 606 female)
Conditions	Emotion induction, reason induction	Emotion induction, reason induction, control	Emotion induction, reason induction, control	Emotion induction, reason induction, control
News headlines	6 fake headlines (half democrat-consistent, half Republican-consistent)	6 fake, 6 real headlines (half democrat-consistent, half Republican-consistent)	5 fake, 5 real headlines (all politically concordant based on force-choice Trump versus Clinton question)	6 fake, 6 real headlines (half Democrat-consistent, half Republican-consistent)
Scale questions on use of reason/emotion (Likert: 1–5)	Not included	Included	Included	Included
Participant Inclusion Criteria	Restricted to United States; 90% HIT Approval Rate	Restricted to United States; 90% HIT Approval Rate	Restricted to United States; 90% HIT Approval Rate	Typical Lucid Representative Sample

Lucid, an online convenience sampling platform comparable to Mechanical Turk, is purported to have a larger pool of subjects than MTurk, less professionalized subjects, and subjects more similar to US benchmarks regarding demographic, political, and psychological profiles (see Coppock and McClellan 2019)