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Table 4 Mean values and standard deviations (SDs) for each measure, split by map condition and sense of direction

From: Where are we going and where have we been? Examining the effects of maps on spatial learning in an indoor guided navigation task

Measure

Sense of direction

Condition

Mean

SD

Pointing task error

Low SBSOD

No map

33.57

31.07

Simple map study

41.15

39.70

Simple map carry

38.22

30.67

Complex map carry

29.73

23.59

SketchUp carry

43.69

37.68

High SBSOD

No map

43.21

42.44

Simple map study

22.68

21.40

Simple map carry

23.83

21.75

Complex map carry

39.14

35.05

SketchUp carry

22.26

20.02

Shortcut task distance error

Low SBSOD

No map

3.70

2.42

Simple map study

6.67

4.71

Simple map carry

6.30

5.22

Complex map carry

3.10

1.50

SketchUp carry

6.54

5.45

High SBSOD

No map

5.19

3.41

Simple map study

3.83

3.32

Simple map carry

3.13

4.07

Complex map carry

6.16

4.15

SketchUp carry

4.09

3.30

Landmark recognition task Target landmark d’

Low SBSOD

No map

2.66

0.32

Simple map study

2.12

0.65

Simple map carry

2.28

0.56

Complex map carry

2.46

0.60

SketchUp carry

2.54

0.39

High SBSOD

No map

2.31

0.64

Simple map study

2.58

0.53

Simple map carry

2.54

0.58

Complex map carry

2.56

0.39

SketchUp carry

2.48

0.43

Landmark recognition task Incidental landmark d’

Low SBSOD

No map

1.14

0.78

Simple map study

0.87

0.71

Simple map carry

0.64

0.76

Complex map carry

0.93

0.59

SketchUp carry

0.96

0.59

High SBSOD

No map

0.98

0.74

Simple map study

0.96

0.56

Simple map carry

1.03

0.59

Complex map carry

0.90

0.38

SketchUp carry

0.99

0.65

Map completion task route score

Low SBSOD

No map

0.46

0.45

Simple map study

0.25

0.38

Simple map carry

0.50

0.37

Complex map carry

0.75

0.38

SketchUp carry

0.23

0.39

High SBSOD

No map

0.38

0.43

Simple map study

0.75

0.35

Simple map carry

0.71

0.40

Complex map carry

0.34

0.40

SketchUp carry

0.77

0.41

Map completion task landmark score

Low SBSOD

No map

0.73

0.19

Simple map study

0.63

0.23

Simple map carry

0.64

0.28

Complex map carry

0.83

0.20

SketchUp carry

0.54

0.25

High SBSOD

No map

0.72

0.27

Simple map study

0.93

0.12

Simple map carry

0.85

0.12

Complex map carry

0.67

0.17

SketchUp carry

0.82

0.15

  1. SBSOD Mean Santa Barbara Sense of Direction