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Table 4 Mean scores on causal reasoning (CR) pretests and posttests for Experiments 2–3

From: The interrelationship between concepts about agency and students’ use of teachable-agent learning technology

 

CR Pre

CR Post

Experiment 2

 Control (N = 39)

6.28 (3.06)

7.57 (3.63)

 Betty (N = 97)

8.29 (3.73)

9.22 (3.82)

Experiment 3

 Betty (N = 75)

1.83 (1.25)

2.90 (1.06)

  1. Standard deviations appear in parentheses after means. Note that Experiment 2 features an 18-item causal reasoning pre- and posttest, while Experiment 3 featured a condensed six-item version