Fig. 3

The γ correlations between confidence in the factual accuracy of responses on the initial, Phase 1 test and correct performance in Phase 2, in which recalling the feedback word, regardless of whether it was true or false, was considered correct. The solid black bar represents the standard hypercorrection condition in which the participant answered incorrectly in Phase 1 and was given true feedback. The hatched bar represents the condition in which the participant answered incorrectly in Phase 1 and was given false feedback. The white bar indicates the condition in which the participant answered correctly in Phase 1 and was given false feedback. When people were correct in Phase 1 and then were given correct feedback, they were, of course, virtually always correct, making it impossible to compute gammas in this condition. So, this condition is not included in this graph. In the left and center are the results from Experiments 3 and 4, respectively, in which participants were not informed about whether the to-be-learned word, provided as feedback, was true or false. On the right are the results from Experiment 5 in which participants were informed, immediately upon being presented with the to-be-learned word in red, whether that feedback was true or false, and, if false, what the true answer was. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean