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Table 2 Percentage of students selecting each answer choice for the three questions for Centrality vs. Variability gesture condition

From: Exploring the practicing-connections hypothesis: using gesture to support coordination of ideas in understanding a complex statistical concept

Answer choice

Percentage students by condition

Centrality (n = 47)

Variability (n = 53)

Question 1. Based on the description of the study, what would you conclude about the effect of eating chocolate on test performance?

 A. I am fairly certain there is an effect

49

30

 B. I’m not sure—I would need more information

47

60

 C. I’m fairly certain there is not an effect

4

11

Question 2. Which of the following additional pieces of information would be useful for determining if chocolate had an effect on test performance? (select all that apply.)

 A. The mean test scores for each group

74

70

 B. The standard deviation of test scores within each group

66

62

 C. A rating of how much each participant likes chocolate

40

23

 D. A list of the exact test items that were used

21

36

 E. More information about what kind of chocolate was used

15

19

Question 3. If you could only choose one, which of the following additional pieces of information would be most useful for determining if chocolate had an effect on test performance?

 A. The mean test scores for each group

60

36

 B. The standard deviation of test scores within each group

21

40

 C. A rating of how much each participant likes chocolate

11

13

 D. A list of the exact test items that were used

2

6

 E. More information about what kind of chocolate was used

6

4