Table 3 Model parameters for the best-fitting model for translation items
From: Teachers’ gestures and students’ learning: sometimes “hands off” is better
Fixed effects | Estimate | SE | z value | p |
Intercept | 3.21 | 0.66 | 4.87 | < .001 |
Gesture to equations | 1.48 | 0.66 | 2.26 | 0.02 |
Age | 0.18 | 0.08 | 2.29 | 0.02 |
Output | 0.31 | 0.47 | 0.67 | 0.51 |
Element | 1.99 | 0.28 | 7.15 | < .001 |
Pretest | 1.30 | 0.29 | 4.50 | < .001 |
Random effects | Variance | SD | ||
Participant | 14.54 | 3.81 | ||
Element | 2.10 | 1.45 | ||
Output | 3.59 | 1.89 | ||
Item | 0.25 | 0.50 |