Table 2 Descriptive statistics showing average incidence of gesture, insight, and proof for different experimental conditions
Condition | Depictive gestures | Dynamic depictive gestures | Mathematical insight | Transformational proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Irrelevant actions (N = 81) | 16.0% | 9.9% | 28.4% | 14.8% |
Relevant actions (N = 128) | 28.1% | 10.0% | 25.8% | 14.1% |
Relevant actions + pedagogical language (N = 100) | 58.0% | 29.3% | 43.4% | 27.0% |