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Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications

Table 6 Experiments 1A and 1B: Inferential statistics testing for the effect of a blocked as compared to a random training method and for the difference between the prose training mode and the three training modes Rhyme, Melody, and Rhyme&Melody in the sentence production (SP) and forced-choice grammaticality judgment tasks (GJ). SPwF refers to the sentence production task administered at the end of the last training session

From: Language play facilitates language learning: Optimizing the input for gender-like category induction

Training condition

Old items

Novel items

Production

Comprehension

 

Production

 

Comprehension

 

SPwFa

SPb

GJc

SPd

GJe

χ 2(1)

p

χ 2(1)

p

χ 2(1)

p

χ 2(1)

P

χ 2(1)

p

Blocking

38.76

0.001 ***

28.95

0.001 ***

23.28

0.001 ***

60.10

0.001 ***

36.07

0.001 ***

Rhyme

4.43

0.035 *

5.35

0.021 *

1.97

0.161

0.07

0.789

1.14

0.286

Melody

3.78

0.052 (*)

9.21

0.002 ***

9.27

0.002 **

6.96

0.008 **

5.68

0.017 *

Rhyme&Melody

17.62

0.001 ***

20.65

0.001 ***

26.86

0.001 ***

12.64

0.001 ***

13.41

0.001 ***

Blocking:Rhyme

0.01

0.916

0.47

0.494

0.15

0.701

1.85

0.174

0.02

0.888

Blocking:Melody

0.69

0.407

2.76

0.097

0.77

0.381

1.17

0.280

3.23

0.072 (*)

Blocking:Rhyme&Melody

4.92

0.027 **

8.52

0.004 **

9.92

0.002 ***

4.56

0.033 *

2.19

0.139

  1. (*) p < 0.08, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
  2. aFull model’s AIC: 6543.5, BIC: 6639.3, excluding the random effects of Melody, Blocking:Rhyme, and Blocking:Melody
  3. bFull model’s AIC: 3534.0, BIC: 3638.5
  4. cFull model’s AIC: 2583.0, BIC: 2669.1, excluding the random effects of Melody, Blocking:Melody, and Blocking:Rhyme&Melody
  5. dFull model’s AIC: 1674.8, BIC: 1766.6, excluding the random effects of Rhyme&Melody
  6. eFull model’s AIC: 1312.2, BIC: 1409.8, excluding the random effects of Melody, Rhyme&Melody, Blocking:Rhyme, Blocking:Melody, and Blocking:Rhyme&Melody
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