Table 2 Examples of spatial and non-spatial language co-produced with gestures
From: Spatial analogies pervade complex relational reasoning: Evidence from spontaneous gestures
Non-spatial language | Spatial language | |
|---|---|---|
Factor reference | “First factor” | “External variable” |
“Certain variable” | – | |
“Factor A” | – | |
Factor change | “Increase” | “Rise” |
“Decrease” | “Go up” | |
“Change” | “Go down” | |
Causal relation | “Influences” | “Rebounds” |
“Causes” | “Leads to” | |
“Effects” | “Impacts” | |
Whole system | “Self-correcting” | “Negative loop” |
“Regulate each other” | “Seesaw” | |
“Constant increasing” | “Building on each other” |