Fig. 2
From: On the learning benefits of confidence-weighted testing
Example of a confidence-weighted multiple-choice question used to instruct participants in the use of this format. Test-takers can select any of the circles as their answer, and the number of points that would be gained or lost for each answer is shown in parentheses next to the corresponding circle, given that Victoria is the correct answer to this question. Highly confident incorrect answers at the vertices and along the line between the two incorrect answers are highly penalized, while incorrect answers along the sides of the triangle connected to the correct answer are only marginally penalized, relative to the points received for answering the question correctly with high confidence